SUMMARY:
Notes include orchid records and a visit from Tobgye, who brought provisions and discussed concerns about a lama from Kham influencing the Maharaja. The party describes dense woods cleared for grazing by Bhutanese herders and hopes the lama will not be in Bumthang to avoid restrictions on shooting. They have been invited to Ha for lunch and tea on the 8th and plan to go.

CONTENT:
24

Bletia palustris 60.
Cephalanthera longifolia 58
Pleione hookeriana 59.
Tobgye brought presents of beer, cake, mangoes, vegetables.

5th June. Fine till 10.0, then rain till 2.0 & fine in the evening. Tobgye arrived at midday, we gave him our very best tiffin. He went on again about 3.0pm. He is rather worried about the lama who is getting at the Maharaja. He comes from Kham & is a nephew of an old lama who used to be a great friend of Ugyen Wangchuck. This man is a hunchback; he gives out that he is collecting money for a monastery in Kham, & according to Tobgye he is doing pretty well: but he is also doing pretty well for himself, & is collecting a good deal of money & presents in kind. Tobgye dislikes him & mistrusts him, thinking him able to hypnotise. We all hope he will not be in Bumthang when we get there, or our shooting may be curtailed.

Ha - 8 miles down valley.
Ludlow
The woods are very dense, in some cases impenetrable but here & there the Bhutanese have cleared open spaces, with fire & axe to provide grazing grounds for their numerous herds of zhos (said to be a cross between the yak & the common horned cow) yaks & cows. No sheep.

We are asked to Ha to lunch & tea on 8th & have decided to go

SUMMARY:
Notes plans to go to Nagartse via Yamdrok Tso and hopes for work east of Bumthang, with Tibet possibly late for butterflies and flowers. Records weather, colour photography of flowers, scenes in the Ha valley, and a visit to Ha from Damthang including riding Tobgye’s ponies, playing football, and tea with the Zimpon.

CONTENT:
Report on B.B.:- Very good throughout.

the Yamdrok Tso, as we will go to Nagartse. This news has cheered us up a lot. If we can now get 6 weeks in the area E. of Bumthang, we will be getting all the collections we have time to work this year. Tibet in fact may be too late for either butterflies or flowers, but we should get some seeds, & at any rate see what the birds are there.

7th June. Another day with a little sun, & fine all morning. Took some photos in colour of flowers in Coventry's contraption. They have turned out fairly well, but drying ordinary negatives is a difficult business, as in this damp climate they take more than 24 hours, sometimes as much as 48.

B.B. contd.
Views of villages in Ha valley bet. Damthang & Ha. Yaks at Damthang leaving for their summer pastures. B.G. A Bhutanese with a yak load with two children. Bhutanese women.

10th June. Damthang. Three good days with very little rain & a fair amount of sun. On 8th went to Ha, riding Tobgye's ponies, for lunch & tea with Tobgye. After lunch played football with the boys, a hard job at that height with heavy clothes & boots on. Some of them play pretty well. After football had tea with the Zimpon - Tobgye's lama, an old family lama of the good type. He seemed a very decent

SUMMARY:
Accounts of travel and weather around Dochen, Tuna, and Phari, including a storm, cold winds, and changing visibility. Wildlife noted includes gazelle, kiang, geese, a snipe, and golden plover; photography was done near the lake. A mail delivery arrived from Yatung.

CONTENT:
102

A heavy storm came up from the west. The wind nearly tore the skin off our faces, but we were in before any rain. Saw a few gazelle and some kiang on the plain. At Kala we went out towards the lake and saw a number of geese and heard the noise of thousands of wings on the lake.

28th September. Halted DOCHEN. 12 miles. 14,700'. An easy march. Cold wind up the valley to the Rham Tso. Then the sun came out, but our last fine view which we have looked forward to so much is hidden in the clouds. It should be a fine sight, but we are not going to see it. A mail came up from Yatung for us.

30th September. TO TUNA. 13 miles. 14,900'. A perfect day at last, with Chumolhari and the main range to the East looking at their best. A still day too until 12 noon when the wind and clouds came up. Took a number of photos all round. A fair number of geese on the lake at the south end. Yesterday we halted at Dochen and tried to shoot there, but found nothing but one snipe and some golden plover. The bag was one of each.

1st October. TO PHARI. 14,300'. 21 miles. A very cold cloudy day with a beastly cold wind. Saw nothing of interest on the way. Very glad to get here, away from the un

SUMMARY:
Notes from Dungshinggang describe abundant Primula species, comparisons to a specimen from Bimbi La, and a sighting of Primula waddellii. The author records clear morning views of the Himalayas including Chomolhari and the Kangchenjunga group, with later heavy rain, and remarks on plentiful monal.

CONTENT:
58
Primulas

No. 3271, which reminds me very much of one we had on the Bimbi La, but which I think the Prof. put down as P. macrophylla. It was bigger there, but stands out in having the pale lemon yellow eye, as here. There were only a very few in flower, one will have to visit the spot again on our return.

P. shitoriana (3258) has taken the place of P. tenella, & grows in masses, in huge clumps & small clumps on rock faces, usually preferring any face but the south. P. macrophylla is also very common, & there are some fine ones to be seen. I believe I could shoot half a dozen monal a day up here, they are so plentiful.

Dungshinggang
18th June. Halt. Rained in the night. Fine & clear in the morning till just after 7.30. Fine till 1.0pm, then heavy rain. The Himalayas were clear this morning, though there must have been some storms to the north in Tibet. I could see Chomolhari easily, & at 280° Mag what must have been the Kangchenjunga group. Right round to the East was clear, past Kula Kangri, Sangto-pelri down to the Mago peaks, or dare say even beyond, though those we saw might have been anything. The only thing of interest we saw today was Prim. waddellii (3281). What I had taken as

SUMMARY:
Entries describe travel from Dzong with snow conditions and a stay at Latsa, reports that Ludlow and Elliot spent 24 days shooting waterfowl, and notes of increased rain in the Tsangpo valley pleasing the Tsala Dzongpon. After halts and cold weather, Ludlow and Elliot depart on the 18th with Lepchas, Ramzana, and Balbahadur, while Samdup and Kancha remain with the diarist. On the 20th at Tse, the river level and wind patterns are observed, and a brief botanical note records rhododendrons in flower.

CONTENT:
14th April. Dzong. Some snow at night. We stayed in a house at Latsa, as we feared heavy snow which did not materialize. The house was clean, like all the houses in the valley, very big. It had a big central stone fireplace in the room we were in, so we had a good wood fire all the time. Snow got deeper as we went up over the top; there must have been 1 1/2 feet. There was not so much on the S. & we were soon out of it. Left at 6.30 & got in at 1.30 pm. Ludlow & Elliot have been here for 24 days. All they've had to do has been shoot game. They've got 25 geese & as many mallard, with a few shoveller & 2 spotbill. There has been much more rain in the Tsangpo valley than usual, & the Tsala Dzongpon is very pleased, as crops there should be specially good. Last year was almost a drought.

15-16 April. Halt. Rain in night & nearly all day of 15th. Very cold for this altitude.

17-18-19 Ap. Ludlow & Elliot left on 18th & had a perfect day to go on, without a cloud in the sky, after a clear cold (min 24°) night. All the Lepchas went too, with Ramzana & Balbahadur. The 'trouble makers' - Samdup & Kancha are going with me. Ludlow should now have no more trouble: I doubt if he will even when Samdup returns. It is a pity about our servants. If only we could have got some other than Samdup & Kancha, the whole party would have been happy, that makes all the difference.

20th Ap. Tse. Back here again. The river is, to my surprise, rather smaller than in December. It must in fact be at its minimum now. Wind continues the same - upstream as far as the Gyamda junction, & downstream to the junction. B & I went up the Tse valley today, but only saw the same things as elsewhere. P. chungensis (not in flower) Rhod. vellereum 12393 in very fine flower & another Rhod 12388 fairly common. R. vellereum is in masses in the Gyamda valley, & all along the hillside on the N face.

SUMMARY:
The party halted at Tse, planned routes with Ludlow going north toward the plateau and then to Trongsa, while Taylor and the diarist would work NW of Tsela and cross the Nyang Chu to reach Trongsa by a new route. They found delayed mail at Tsela Dz, traveled by coracle to Tsela Dzong, and then on to Puchu (Nyang Chu); there was a dispute with Tendong in Gyantse over dak payments, cordial visits with the Dzongpon and his wife, and Sherriff visited to hear the wireless, after which Ludlow went on ahead while transport was arranged.

CONTENT:
58

1st - 6th August. Halt. Tse.
It was very nice all being together again. The weather was fine nearly all the time at Tse. While there we planned for the future, that Ludlow would go off to the North to the edge of the plateau then to Trongsa by himself. Taylor and I would work the hills NW of Tsela and then go across the Nyang Chu and also to Trongsa by a new route. There was no sign of any mail at Tse, but we found that it had been lying in Tsela Dz for 15 days or more.

7th August. Tsela Dzong.

10th August. Puchu (Nyang Chu).
Plans for next month.
Tendong in Gyantse has let us down badly, having taken Rs 240 for payment of the dak wala, but he has given him hardly anything and has said he cannot send any more. We came over in many journeys of three coracles to Tsela Dz on 7th and had quite a pleasant two days there. The Dzongpon is a good man and very helpful. He came and lunched with us, and we lunched with him and his wife next day. Then Sherriff came down to listen to the wireless last night. We all came on together today as far as this, then Ludlow went on further. We have transport to arrange here for 7 days so had to stop. There is a monastery here and outside are two of the huge big wooden figures, one male and female, representing

SUMMARY:
The diarist records a cable from Taylor about plans to arrive in Calcutta on April 2, then details travel from Kala to Gyantse with strong winds and dust storms, wildlife sightings and shooting, and use of the wireless. Mail reports from Wright Smith on the 1937 primulas, and upon reaching Gyantse they call on Richardson, Dr Morgan, Colbourne, Hudson, and receive a friendly visit from Tendong.

CONTENT:
NB read a cable from Taylor "Passed Doctor. Absence extended December. Arrive Calcutta April 2nd."
That is one thing now settled. Ludlow went out at the hot springs with his gun, and got 1 teal, 1 pintail and 1 mallard. I sent Punso out here with the .22 rifle and he hit 3 geese but got none. Very cold in the evening, clouded in the North.

3rd March. To Kala. 12 miles. A perfectly fine day. Even when we left at 7:30 the wind was very strong, and we finished in a filthy dust storm. Rham tso frozen all over this end, but a good many duck and geese seen. The river connecting the Rham tso and the Kala tso was quite dry, a most unusual thing. By 1:00 pm clouded all over. We had the wireless out last night, and it was as good as could be wished for.

4th March. To Samoda. 14 miles. Fine, with no wind while we crossed the Kala plain. Even in the evening there was little, a great relief after yesterday. We saw a big herd of kiang on the plain and got a telephoto cine of them. 18 gazelle were too nervous. Above Samoda at the springs were some duck, and one obliging solitary snipe. Ludlow and I had 3 shots at it with the catapult, then Tsompen got it on his second shot.

5th March. To Khangma. 14 miles. A beastly day, wind very strong, with dust storm. Tsompen shot a merganser, Ludlow missed 8 mallard with dust shot .410 and then got 3 partridges with one shot. Jill (dog) rather happier today and her feet not so sore. David has been feeling the height and wind, and having bad headaches, but he seems alright today and much happier.

6th March. Saugong. 14 miles. Fine day, cleared up late at night. Mail came in about 8:00 pm. Wright Smith has now settled all points about my 1937 primulas, with the possible exception of 3301 which he thinks is P. chasmophila. Seeds have germinated, and I expect he will wait till they flower. Saw more duck and partridge on the way and shot 1 partridge, when five burhel got up.

7th March. Gyantse. 15 miles. A very strong wind all day, which caused a dust storm all over the Gyantse plain. Arrived at 12 noon. Called on Richardson, Morgan the doctor (16 B.T.A.) and the two B.O.'s (O.C. 16th Detachment) Colbourne and Hudson. Tendong, now Jongpen of Gyantse, one of Ludlow's old pupils came to call on us, and was most friendly. He is very dirty to look at, but a good soul, and very...

SUMMARY:
A Jongpen provided sugar, dried fruit, and a rifle for a potentially dangerous journey to the Lola, and is praised—along with the Chayul Jongpens—as helpful and pro-British. On 3 November at Yar Shika, the party travelled in fine weather; Ludlow went on ahead, and the writer reviewed the first part of Damon’s collection while contending with strong winds and uncertain information about the Karta-Pula Dza La route between Trashi Trongme and Tsuna. On 4 November at Shio Dzong, conditions were again good with peaks clearing by morning.

CONTENT:
should be made, she says he did it with great success. Sugar & kishmish were provided by the Jongpen. The latter said that perhaps they would be in danger going to the Lola that they should take a rifle with them. He gave one, & made them take it, which I think was extremely good of him. He gave a great deal of help all the way, & undoubtedly he & the Chayul Jongpens are very nice helpful people, & both very pro-British.

3rd November. Yar Shika. 11500? 12 m. A perfect day. Left at 6.30, in at 1.30 pm. Ludlow went on further from here, & I believe transport was very late. Went over the first 45 of Damon's collection, they are very uninteresting so far. But we are reaching the more interesting zone. I'm afraid he missed a great deal. There is a perfectly hellish wind here tonight, though there was hardly any till 3.0 pm. I can find out nothing about the Karta-Pula Dza La route, though one man said two days from Trashi Trongme to Tsuna, which is obviously all wrong.

4th November. Shio Dzong 15m. 13200' Another perfect day: all the peaks are cloudy, but clear by 7.0 am. There were no gymnosperms in

SUMMARY:
Ledger page itemizing trip expenses including tents, transport to Gyantse and Tsebang, advances to servants and their families, stores, currency exchanges at Phari and Gyantse, and payments for post arrangements. Totals paid by Sherriff, Ludlow, and Elliott are recorded, with a note that the total includes Rs 6500 from Ludlow.

CONTENT:
32
26.
10000/76

Expenses of Trip.

Paid for Tents etc. through Taylor. 1331 - 0 - 0
Transport to Gyantse & expenses & odds. 6045 - 0 - 0
Advances to servants' families 1320 - 0 - 0
Advances to Servants 845 - 0 - 0
Servants' clothes 846 - 0 - 0
Cost of stores, medical, presents etc. 5076 - 0 - 0
Exchanged Rs. at Phari & Gyantse. 5800 - 0 - 0
Paid to Sadutshang for exchange 10000 - 0 - 0
Paid to Sadutshang at Gyantse for exchange at Tsebang. 2000 - 0 - 0
Paid to Sangye Tsering for post arrangements. 250 - 0 - 0
Blankets at Gyantse. 162 - 0 - 0
2 Ponies for post runner 466 - 0 - 0
Expenses at Tsebang 500 - 0 - 0
Total paid by Sherriff. 34641 - 0 - 0 XX

Total paid by Ludlow 2789 - 0 - 0

Transport to Gyantse 495 } Total paid by Elliott 1562 - 0 - 0
odds 50 + 17 67 }
to Tsebang 1000 }

Total 38992 - 0 - 0

XX includes Rs 6500 from Ludlow.

SUMMARY:
Steep ascents and descents through dense forest with limited views due to Tsuga and rhododendrons; a Daphne tree in full bloom and a flock of pigeons are noted. Locals bring a fowl, radishes, and milk and prepare a camp; the party crosses TANA LA and HOJA LA to TSAKCHUGONG with glimpses from R. Sanglung to the Gyala Peri range, and the locals are described as Bhutanese and healthier than upper Po-Tsangpo Tibetans.

CONTENT:
Feb. 22. Luculia pinceana 12240. Brassaiopsis karmelane sp. nov. 12244 Rhod. tanastylum 12246. 59

over 8000', then equally steep descent this side. Most of the march was today through dense forest, with some clearings made for cultivation. The pass is on a knife edge ridge, the view from the pass - if one could see it clearly - would be one which we would have to go far to beat. But there are many large Tsuga trees & Rhodos too, which block the view, except in little patches. On the pass we found one Rhodo in flower, one Daphne tree in full bloom. I have never seen the latter before - a tree of 15-18 ft with a trunk about 6" in diam. On the way up we saw one flock of 6 pigeons - the first I remember seeing in Tibet, other than the snow pigeons & the ones on the plateau. Luculia pinceana is common & we found one other Rhodo in bud, just about to flower. Locals came from tomorrow's stage to meet us here & brought a fowl, radishes & milk & prepared a place in thick forest for our tents. There are no houses here, only small level patches in dense forest. Habits as well as looks of locals seem to recall Bhutanese. They are also much healthier than the Tibetans of the Kigong upper Po-Tsangpo, & are stronger & cleaner. There is a very high cliff from the Karmala ridge down to the river, and the river here appears very narrow indeed. There are falls here of perhaps 20 ft.

23rd Feb. TSAKCHUGONG. Another perfect day, with clouds only coming up in the evening. We left at 7.00 am & walked fairly fast to the Pass. But again we could see nothing from the actual pass, owing to trees. The ascent is very steep & long taking about 1 1/2 hours. There are at the top some magnificent Tsuga & pine trees, which I estimate to be over 200 ft high. We saw no flowers at all, but had glimpses of the truly magnificent range here & there - from R. Sanglung to the westernmost of the Gyala Peri range. I took one or two photos with the early morning light, when it was particularly beautiful. The pass is called the TANA LA, & on this side there is a subsidiary pass called the HOJA LA. The Pangyuta of Ward is beside camp in TSAKCHUGONG only over a very small ridge. The locals again are stronger, cleaner & finer men than further up the valley. They are Bhutanese.