SUMMARY:
From Sumbatse, the diarist records seed collections and transport delays due to a troublesome headman, then stays overnight en route to Choram. Plans are outlined for a future trip to the Black Mountain in Bhutan and exploration of Pemako via Sadiya, and at Choram they meet Tsongpen, collect more Adonis seed, and note heavy showers and his reports from Tsari.

CONTENT:
From Sumbatse. Sept. 16th Seeds: Primula tibetica 2602, Adenophora liliifolia 2604, Adenophora gracilis 2605, Dracocephalum tanguticum 2607, Saussurea 2608.

Transport took ages to collect, as the headman there had given us a good deal of trouble; we decided to stay a night here, instead of doing Choram in one day. Collected on the way a good many seeds of Primula sikkimensis, and some of the white Adonis (Adonis brevistyla var. dutchuensis 1600), which we took at Choram in May. It is a queer seed and does not look ripe, but K.W. told us he got the seed, and he passed through just before 15th Sept. I have pretty well decided to try a 3-month trip next summer, May, June, July, to the Black Mountain in Bhutan if permission is given by the Maharaja. And for the year after, I am trying to find out all I can about the Pemako area from the South. It would save a huge round by Gyantse, and I'm pretty sure the Bhutanese in Pemako would take me anywhere if only I can get in from Sadiya.

17th Sept. Choram. Fine most of the day, with some very heavy showers. Took a lot of Adonis seed (Adonis brevistyla var. dutchuensis 1600) on the way up here. Tsongpen was here and rather depressed. When he met me he said he had not done well in Tsari, but actually he has done as well as possible; although he has not many 'wanted' things, he has seeds of some quite interesting stuff. He had worse rain than when I went round the Kingkor. His chief excitement was...

SUMMARY:
Specimen entries 2157–2166 are listed with species identifications, one dated 3 August 1933. Notes reference Ibis on the occurrence and habitats of shrikes, rosefinches, and Blood Pheasant in silver fir and rhododendron forests at and above Shengbe, and across Bhutan and Tibet.

CONTENT:
m. mollissima
2157 ♂ 3.8.33 Oreocincla dauma ✓
2158 ♀ - Pyrrhula erythaca erythrocephala ✓
2159 ♂ - Procarduelis n. nepalensis. ✓
2160 ♀ - Yuhina gularis. ✓
2161 ♂ - Myzornis p. pyrrhoura ✓
2162 ♂ - Chelidorhynx hypoxanthum. ✓
2163 ♀ - Lanius tephronotus. ✓
2164 ♂ - Aethopyga i. ignicauda. ✓
2165 ♂ - " - " - " ✓
2166 ♂ - Procarduelis n. nepalensis. ✓

Ibis 10. Birds in the Silver fir forests at & above Shengbe.
Ibis 283. Lanius schach tephronotus. Common in Bhutan in summer from 9000 upwards. Common in Tibet up to 14000 in favourable localities.
Ibis 470. Propyrrhula subhimachala subhimachala - Rose Finch. see Ibis 470
Ibis 473. Propasser edwardsii. Skulking Rose Finch rather uncommon. Found in rhod. jungle in silver fir forest between 10000 & 13000 ft.
Ibis 472. Propasser thura thura. Commonest Rose Finch in Bhutan & Tibet (S. of the main range) in summer.
Ibis 474. Procarduelis nipalensis. Common in summer between 10 - 14000 ft, chiefly in rhod. & silver fir forest. One of the most active amongst rocks & boulders well above the forest zone. Feed on Rhod. blossom in the spring.
Blood Pheasant
Ibis 499. Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus. very common in Eastern Bhutan in summer from 11 - 14500 ft. etc.
Ibis 468. Perissospiza carnipes carnipes common in W. Bhutan between 10 & 14000 ft. Scarcer in E. Bhutan. In breeding season almost entirely confined to dwarf juniper zone.

✓ Prim. sapphirina 391
✓ Prim. involucrata 393
✓ Mec. sinuata 394
✓ Prim. tenuiloba 395

SUMMARY:
Lists several bird specimens dated late August and early September 1933, followed by an outline of the journey from Lhakhang Dzong across southern Tibet. The route passes via Kuru Chu, Towa Dzong, Monda, Monda La, Tö Monastery by Pomo Tso, Tö, Ling, along Yamdrok Tso to Nangkartse, over Karo La to Gyantse, and then back to India via Phari to Kalimpong.

CONTENT:
2316 31.8.33 ♀ Propasser pulcherrimus waltoni
2317 - ♂ - -
2318 1.9.33 ? Ianthia c. rufilata
2319 - ♂ Emberiza godlewskii khamensis
2320 - ? Phoenicurus schisticeps Adelura coeruleocephala
2321 - ♂ Dendrotreron hodgsonii

No 11. From Lhakhang Dzong our journey in Tibet is of no great interest from the ornithological point of view. The avifauna of the plateau is remarkably uniform throughout its vast extent. Most of the species we met with are familiar to everybody who has studied this region. I propose only to outline our subsequent route. On leaving Lhakhang Dzong (Sep. 3) we ascended the Kuru Chu to Towa Dzong (Sep. 5) and Monda (Sep. 9) & crossed the unexplored Monda La to the Tö Monastery on the eastern shore of the Pomo Tso Lake (Sep. 10). From Tö we proceeded to Ling (on Sep. 11) skirted the western shore of the beautiful Yamdrok Tso reached Nangkartse (on Sep. 13) 4 stages from Lhasa. We then turned west over the Karo La to Gyantse (reached on Sep. 24) returned to India by the Phari road to Kalimpong, which we reached on

SUMMARY:
Page lists numbered plant specimens with notes on flowers, growth form, and handling, alongside associated localities and day/month collection dates. Taxa include Androsace, Thalictrum, Notholirion, Codonopsis, Clematis, Primula, Lilium, and others.

CONTENT:
19488 Meconopsis bella Dhur Chu. 5/10
19494 Polygonum sp. big flower. " "
19497 Yellow orchid " " See these seed before sending home
19817 Onosma sp. " " v. few.
19814 Androsace sp. cushion " " [crossed out] ✓
18974 Androsace sp. 12"-18" Pangitang. 30/9.
19800 Androsace sp. white cushion. Namdatung 3/10.
19083 Cotoneaster sp. 15' tree. Shabietang. 6/10.
19815 Thalictrum chelidonii? " 6/10.
(2) 19498 Notholirion macrophyllum. Dhur Chu. 6/10 145
(3) 21819 Tree ? Shabietang 7/10
(2) 21820 Shrub ? " "
(3) 21821 - 19077 Tree 20' ? " "
2 21822 Eremurus " "
19815 Thalictrum chelidonii? Dhur Chu 5/10. 150
1 bag 19716 Allardia sp.
18683 Rhododendron ciliatum Kyikyi La. 13/10.
19544 Thalictrum chelidonii
19594 Pyrola sp. Yuto La 14/10.
19823 ? saccate tube. creeper. Tongsa. 15/10 155
(2) 19826 Codonopsis purpurea. " "
19827 Clematis sp. small red " "
19574 Primula flagellaris. Chendebi. 16/10.
19572 Gesneriaceae Streptocarpus? " "
(2) 19580 Dicentra sp. " " 160
4 + bag 19490 Lilium sp. var. Dhur Chu. 5/10
19573 Anemone sp. Chendebi 17/10.
19577 Campanula sp. " "

SUMMARY:
Page lists numbered plant collections with taxa and brief notes, recorded at multiple sites including Chendebi, Ritang, Thampela, Rinta tso, Orila tso, Busa, Maruthang, Tsalimape, Hein Laiza, Kyikyi La, Pelela Pass, Ha, and Chela La. Entries are dated between 13 and 25 October 1949.

CONTENT:
19579 ?? Chendebi 17/10
165 19581 Morina fine Chendebi 17/10
150+ 19831 Lilium nepalense Chendebi 17/10
19832 Primula umbratilis var. alba Ritang 17.10.
19833 Lychnis wardii Thampela 17.10.
19834 Pedicularis sp. Rinta tso 17.10.
170 19835 Primula tsariensis var. alba Orila tso 17.10.
19836 Primula uniflora Orila tso 17.10.
19837 Gentiana tubiflora Thampela 17.10.
19838 Codonopsis sp. (red) Thampela 17.10.
19839 Codonopsis white Orila tso 17.10.
175 19840 Meconopsis villosa Busa 17.10.
19841 Geranium sp. large flower Maruthang 17.10.
19544 Thalictrum chelidonii Maruthang 17.10.
19582 Shrub? Ritang 18/10 many colored
19075 Philadelphus sp. Chendebi 17.10.49
180 19518 Astilbe sp. pink Tsalimape 21.10.
19544 Thalictrum chelidonii Hein Laiza 21.10.
(4) 19590 Clematis small red Hein Laiza 21.10.
(2) 19573 Anemone sp. (japonica) Tsalimape 22.10.
(2) 19535 Clematis sp. big flowered Kyikyi La 13.10.
185 19266 Briggsia sp? yellow. On tree trunks. Ritang 17.10.
19586 Morina fine Pelela Pass 23.10.
19620 Codonopsis sp. Pelela Pass 23.10.
19629 ? Tall white like Astilbe Pelela Pass 23.10.
19620 Codonopsis sp. Ha 25.10.49
190 19626 Sedum sp. pink Chela La 24.10.

SUMMARY:
Specimen entries dated 7 July 1933 record several bird species. Notes describe departure for Trongsa with halts at Samtegang, Ritang, Chendebi, and Tsanga, passing through leech-infested rainforest and collecting few notable species except Trochalopteron l. imbricatum and Pyrrhula n. nipalensis.

CONTENT:
1996 7.7.33. ♂ Aethopyga n. nipalensis.
1997 - ♂ Pyrrhula n. nipalensis.
1998 - ♂ Pomatorhinus r. ruficollis.
1999 - imm. Monticola cinclorhyncha
2000 - ♀ Leioptila c. capistrata.
2001 - ♂ Pteruthius erythropterus.
2002 - ♂ Cyornis s. superciliaris? astigma.

Ludlow. Ibis 9.
On 7th July we left for Trongsa, 5 marches distant, halting at Samtegang, Ritang, Chendebi, & Tsanga. From Samtegang onwards we plunged again into leech-infested rain forest, but we were moving too quickly to do any serious collecting & except for Trochalopteron l. imbricatum & Pyrrhula n. nipalensis we obtained nothing of very great interest.

Trochalopteron lineatum imbricatum Ibis 33. Laughing Thrush.
Pyrrhula nipalensis nipalensis Ibis 469 Bullfinch.

SUMMARY:
Notes list Primula specimens (including P. winteri, P. jaffreyana, P. atrodentata) and Rhododendron series, with observations on flowering and leaf characters. Kodachrome entries mention willow catkins at Lomo (same as Lusong willow), peaches at Tongkyuk and Tongkyuk Dzong, quince, and Rhododendron in snow at Lumang. Several entries are dated in late March and April.

CONTENT:
78

12311. P. Winteri. See No 12052 taken same spot. Still not in flower. More particularly the great amount of farina on these plants which are not yet in flower, compared with specimens in full flower under other numbers.
12312. P. Jaffreyana not in flower.
       12317 P. atrodentata.
       12319 P. Winteri - note crenulation of leaves, and length of scape.
       12320 P. aff. chungensis not in flower.

Kodachrome 18
Willow catkins Lomo 31/3. Same as Lusong willow.
Rhod. pink = No. 12313 "
Piptanthus sp -
Yellow flowered tree - 12321 peach blossom behind.
Peaches at Tongkyuk 7/4.

No 19.
Rhododendron virgatum ser. No. 12326 5/4
Tongkyuk Dzong peach blossom. "
Prim. atrodentata. "
Rhod. ? Thomsonii ser. 12313. "

No 20.
T. Henrici on Rhod. 12313. ② Rhod. 12313 close up. ③ Rhod. 12329.
Quince 11/4. Rhod 12375 11/4 Fine specimen of Rhod 12313 in snow Lumang. 12/4 //

SUMMARY:
The diarist reports from Singo Samba and then Trashidzong/Tsari Sama, noting misty and rainy weather, limited finds of rhododendrons and primulas, and heavy grazing by yaks that destroyed desired Meconopsis and Primula stands. Plans are made to leave kit with one man and proceed lightly with eight coolies around Tsari Sama, while noting Ludlow and Taylor’s move from Kyimdong toward the Bimbi La to target several Meconopsis species; the pilgrim season at Sacha Peso appears over.

CONTENT:
cut for himself a pair of soles for his boots. He then went off & pulled half a yak's tail out to make thread to stitch on his soles.

9th October. Singo Samba. Fine, but some rain last night, thick mist till 8.00am this morning. Found little today: two rhododendrons & a good collection of Ludlow's primula which is down as close to P. ioessa (3789). It is not ioessa, will be interesting if the seed come up well. Crossed the ridge, recamped on the L. bank, leaving rather a long march for tomorrow up to Trashidzong.

10th October. Trashidzong, Tsari Sama. Fine, but becoming more clouded all day, till rain fell in the evening about 5.0pm. Clouds very low, looks bad for tomorrow. The seeds I wanted most today are not to be found. When last here, there was a wonderful show of P. sikkimensis of all colours growing together, some most beautiful: also a very fine red P. alpicola. But all have been eaten by yaks, or dried up - not find a single stem - very disappointing. A small rhododendron here, taken on the Chumbumbu La, is so ripe that all capsules are fully open, the seed falls out almost too easily. It is nice to find some rhodos. like that. As yaks cannot go round Tsari Sama, I am leaving one man here to look after kit to be left, & will only take on 8 coolies lightly loaded, with our beddings, rations for three days, camp table, bed & chair - no tents.

A great pity the weather has broken, as we should do well here, but a fine day would help a great deal. Ludlow & Taylor should have left Kyimdong by now, for their way to the Bimbi La. I hope they have a fine day for their halt & collecting there, as there is a good deal to be done there. Taylor very anxious to see & get seed of Meconopsis argemonantha. If he does so, & gets M. bella & M. sherriffii, we should have seen 16 different Meconopsis this trip. M. nepalensis, M. simplicifolia, M. betonicifolia, M. horridula, M. hor. var lutea, M. integrifolia, M. lyrata, M. florindae, M. impedita, M. speciosa, Ward's ivory poppy (M. harleyana), M. bella, M. sherriffii, M. argemonantha, M. paniculata & one other which I can't think of. Taylor has also been very near M. torquata, M. discigera & M. superba, but unfortunately we none of us saw them. The yak herds have left this place, I think only a short time ago, & the lamas have also left the small gompa here, so presumably the pilgrim season is over, & we will have Sacha Peso to ourselves again.

SUMMARY:
The party departs after collecting at Narim Thang, crossing a difficult snowy pass with poor weather; Ludlow develops a cold. Notes discuss hopes for drier conditions at Khakang on the Kuru Chu and provide a route description from Hamo toward Menchumin via a lake.

CONTENT:
As all coolies had reached Singhi Dzong yesterday afternoon, and we had finished collecting everything there was to be had at Narim Thang, we decided to leave as soon as possible, so packed up and started this morning. The snow and ice this side of the pass was awful for the coolies, who took from 6-8 hours for the four miles. Saw no birds but grandalas at the Pass on the S. side. A bad camp and very cold. First rain and mist, then snow near the top, and back to rain and mist here. Ludlow has a cold - the first either of us has had since coming to Bhutan. We will certainly both be very glad indeed to get over the pass to drier country. It remains to be seen if Khakang will be dry. It is only 9500' high and lies on the Kuru Chu, which cuts right through the main Himalayan range at 9000'. Probably the monsoon clouds will come up the gorge and precipitate on Khakang and up as far as Towa. But then it should be dry and sunny most days.

30th August. HAMO. To 9 miles. 14000'. Path crosses the river (a small stream) and ascends the grassy hill opposite Menchumin, going down the valley. The ascent is gradual and the path winds right handed till a lake is reached at m 1 1/2. This is followed on the south right hand side, is 1/2 mile long, and very narrow. Thence path rather

SUMMARY:
A rain-soaked, leech-infested approach to camp in dense jungle is described, with note that Tsekang is deserted as people have gone to Samang. On 17th August at SINGHI DZONG, specimens of Spotted winged Grosbeak, Scaly breasted wren, and Blandford's Rose finch were obtained, and the route is detailed along the Khoma Chu past a mani wall at TOSUMANI with multiple river crossings.

CONTENT:
68

Camp is in a small clearing in the jungle, the only level place near. Leeches are bad!! Another very trying day. It rained all the way here, we could see nothing. Even had there been no mist, we should have seen nothing of the scenery, owing to the denseness of the jungle. We had mules to ride again, but poor beasts, they could hardly get along the path. There are many roots along it & in between deep pools of mud, a foot, or sometimes more deep.

Tsekang is now deserted, the few people who used to be there, having gone to Samang.

17th August. SINGHI DZONG. 12 ½ m. To 12900 +3600' (new setting of aneroid).

4 Got specimens of the Spotted winged Grosbeak: Scaly breasted wren. Blandford's Rose finch.

Path continues up R bank of Khoma Chu through dense jungle, birch, fir, larch & rhod. jungle is bad & very difficult for riding mules. At m. 7 a small mani wall is passed, this is called TOSUMANI 11000. There are no houses here & no cultivation. At m 7 ½ the Khoma Chu is crossed to the left bank. The Khoma Chu here appears to be a side stream as it runs at right angles to the direction the path has been joining. The left bank is followed up a very steep stony bad path to m 8 ½ where it is recrossed to the