SUMMARY:
Notes describe an aircraft wreck near the upper Langong Chu with four bodies, intact but scattered wreckage, and items such as rusted machine guns and iron hooks; the time of the crash is guessed by a Dzongpon’s man as about three years prior. Subsequent entries record a halt day with clear weather and a march to Nang Dzong, noting transport arrangements and plant observations including Box, Ceratostigma, Sophora viciifolia, and Juniper.

CONTENT:
What rotted was a 'tent' (parachute?) One man still had a little flesh on his bones, the others had all been stripped bare - presumably by animals. Mistris were sent to take the plane to bits, but they failed to do so. Only bits & pieces were collected & put under seal, as were any papers found. The plane was not burnt. The place mentioned is probably in the upper waters of the Langong Chu, about 2 full days march from Kyindong Dzong. A few rupees were found close to the wreck. Four useless (through rust) machine guns were found in the wreckage. The clothes of the 4 men are described as being winter wear & very good indeed. They wore two pairs of boots - one ordinary & one rubber on top. I was unable to make out how many engines there were. The wreckage was strewn over a biggish area. The time of the crash is only guessed by the Dzongpon's man as 3 years ago owing to the state of the bodies & of their clothes & notes. The area it fell in is a very wet one in the monsoon & things would easily rust. One of the few contents noticed was 30 things like walking sticks of iron, hooked at one end, rather longer than a walking stick, but having on the stick part a "lot of rings, some round some square & some other shapes".

26th Nov. HALT. A good day. There have been some clouds to the south the last 3-4 days, but generally very clear.

27th Nov. Nang Dzong. Left at 7.35. In at 3.20: transport in at 5.0pm. Transport about half & half coolies & pack animal, mostly pony. On the hill just before Nang, Box grows well. We collected a little seed. Ceratostigma is the dominant shrub again all the way, with Sophora viciifolia a good second. Juniper from deep to the edge of the escarp just below.

SUMMARY:
The writer describes numerous relics and legends of the Guru along the route from Trashigong toward Dongkar, including caves, stones, and other notable features said to mark his journey from India. A mail bag is sent down with one of HH’s sepoys while they await word from HH about visiting Bumthang; if not permitted, they plan to go to Sakden for seed and bird collecting.

CONTENT:
92.

...how a house or gompa is built. There is a landslide across the valley here, and the piled-up earth and stones are full of caves and marks, all said to be due to the Guru. The house on top of the stone was built later and now contains images of the Guru and his two wives. This route from Trashigong up is, I believe, full of relics of the Guru's journey. A place just north of Trashigong has many such. Among others is a huge stone, said to be an egg of the eagle on which the Guru flew up from India. There are also, in tow, dragons, rocks from which springs burst at different places each year, dragons, and all sorts of other exciting things. Altogether, the Guru has very much left his mark between India and Dongkar at least.

Packed up a mail in a mail bag and spare sack and arranged for it to be taken down tomorrow by one of HH's sepoys. As we have not heard from HH to say we may come to Bumthang, we are beginning to feel that he would perhaps not have us this year, just before he goes down to India. If we decide not to go there, we will probably go to Sakden instead. There are good seeds to be collected there and birds too. It would be less trouble to us too. We might arrange to meet HH at...

(Marginal notes: Cine film 11 & 12 c, Contax film 9 & 10, F. Pack No 3 all

SUMMARY:
Field notes record multiple alpine plant collections and seed gathering around Putrang La, including Codonopsis seed collected below Lhapso Dzong at about 11,000 feet on 31/03/1938. The diary also notes damage to baggage from donkey transport and a descent toward the Tsangpo amid poor transport arrangements.

CONTENT:
Putrang La
vellereum

3587. Rhododendron sp. E. side common from 15000' - 12500'. SEED taken.
3588. Androsace sp. E. side common from 14000 - 12000. SEED taken.
3589. Rhododendron sp. W. side common from about 16000' SEED taken.
      3586 A. Gentiana Waltoni. E. side common from 14 - 12000' SEED taken.
      No. no. Gentiana nubigena E. side. A very few seed taken.
3590. Codonopsis vinciflora E. side. A few SEED taken at about 12000'.

A few signs of P. Jaffreyana seen on the dry banks about 12000'. No seed seen.

3592. Primula atrodentata. Not yet in flower.

3591 A. Codonopsis vinciflora. SEED collected below Lhapso Dzong. 11000'. 31.3.38.

Ludlow 25
Our baggage has suffered much during the past few days. The boxes in many cases have been smashed by donkey ropes colliding with each other or with rocks & boulders in narrow places.

Ludlow 26
Descent to Tsangpo

Bad transport arrangements

SUMMARY:
The diarist records goods bought at Tsela Dzong from the Dzongpon, listing prices for rice, atta, tsampa, gur, and chari in sangs per load or unit.

CONTENT:
33

Bought at Tsela Dzong from the Dzongpon: -
Rice at 75 sangs a load.
Atta at 33 sangs a load.
Tsampa at 33 sangs a load.
Gur at 11 sangs per lump of about 2 1/2 lbs.
Chari at 15 sangs per brick.

SUMMARY:
Notes that potted seedlings are unhealthy, some missing, and labels lost, possibly due to sheep. The party leaves Puitsogong for a camp on Yonpu La, briefly accompanied by the raja Tokpola; it is very cold with good views to Sangdo Pelri, and caravan size and coolie payments are recorded. The next day they halt at Yonpu La, enjoy clearer views, and the writer takes photographs and notes birds.

CONTENT:
in pots were not looking too healthy. A number have disappeared lately and some have died. I think our sheep get at them. Anyway I found that a good many labels had gone, and as the seedlings have died down, it is not easy to recognise them now.

2nd November. Camp on Yonpu La (summit of) 6 miles 8000' Rained slightly all morning. We left Puitsogong, and the raja (whose name is Tokpola - a Kurtip) came with us for a couple of miles. A pleasant camp, and a lovely place to be in clear weather, as the snow hills to the north, especially Sangdo Pelri are very well seen from here. For the height it is extraordinarily cold, about the same as Sahden at night. Our caravan is down to 48 men, but some did not carry full loads. All through Bhutan we have paid on the average 2 tenkhas a day per coolie. But the exchange we got was this year only 10 per rupee, as opposed to last year's 13 or 14. All travelling expenses for the last five months have worked out to little more than Rs 1000/-.

3rd Nov. Halted at Yonpu La. A very cold night and morning. It cleared up, and we got a pretty good view of the hills to the North.

(Film 16c, FP 7, Contax 14 finished) I went up the hill to the E of camp and took some photos, but no bearings. Had a good day with birds. Mostly a dull day, but clouds high to the north. Some mist. Fresh snow on hills as low as

SUMMARY:
Field notes list several Primula species with localities, habitat and elevation details, flowering or seed status, and comparisons to collections made in 1936. There is uncertainty about the exact P. ioessa type locality near Lo Migyitun due to mist and deep snow, and sites such as KHERI GOMPA at Chungkar are referenced.

CONTENT:
78a

6621. Primula winteri. Yuda. Mostly on moss covered boulders in Rhododendron forest. The winter bud in great prominence, some even opening already up at 13 or 13,500 ft.

6622. Primula sikkimensis. Yuda. I did not see the flowers of this primula at all.

6623. Primula Sandemaniana. Migyitun. From the exact spot as the type specimen. I can find it nowhere else. A little seed found. A very small winter bud, with farina, is just noticeable.

6624. Primula sikkimensis Sect. probably P. ioessa type. Lo Migyitun. Thick mist rain, with 8" of snow prevented us from being certain of the spot where No 2514, the type of P. ioessa, was taken. But I have little doubt myself that this is the true ioessa. It could only be P. Hopeana otherwise, and I do not think this is so. This comes from certainly within a very short distance of 2514, if not from the very spot.

6625. Primula tibetica. Chayul Dzong. Some seed taken. Still in flower. Up to 3½".

6626. Primula strumosa. Tremo. Same as 1300, taken in 1936.

6627. Primula Boothii (gracilipes). Pangchen. Taken from the same place in 1936, where flowers were almost over by the end of March. This, I suppose, is the more common low altitude form.

6628. Primula filipes. Chungkar. From same place as in 1936, at KHERI GOMPA, Chungkar. Not in flower this year, though it was at this time in 1936.

SUMMARY:
Notes several Primula species near a small lake and along a route ascending to the Naszi La. Describes the path up the stream through rhododendron and fir forest, provides hypsometer readings on the pass, and lists magnetic bearings to nearby peaks including Chomolhari, Kula kangri, Black Mountain, and Wangchelakha.

CONTENT:
saw two primulas just coming to life, and further down, on the
cliff W of the little lake, 150x away, was another, whose dead
leaves looked like P. rotundifolia, but whose seed capsules were
like P. Cawdoriana. Another little primula is very common up
there - perhaps P. tenuiloba, while P. atrodentata is actually
in flower on the top. The route is roughly as follows:-
Proceed up the main stream for 1/2 m, then cross it to the right
bank, just above where a biggish valley enters from the South.
Keep up the left bank of this, through fir & rhododendron
forest. A pathway is cut all the way. About m 2 cross to the
R bank & keep on up the stream, through small rhododendron
bushes, the path gradually getting steeper. At m 3 it is level
for a 100x or so & turns left (E) keeping under cliffs on the
left hand. At m 3 1/2 a small lake is met, & just before this
the path climbs steeply up the last 400' to the Naszi La, at
m 4. The hypsometer readings on the pass were: B.P. 187.5°
Temp 38° Time 8.30 am. Mag. bearings to various peaks were:
Chomolhari 295°, Kula kangri 7°, and to the first (most northern)
peak of Black Mountain 160°. To Wangchelakha was 339° all
Mag. bearings. // The descent was amusing. By now the snow

SUMMARY:
Notes record Primula specimens at Kucha La, including forms of P. dryadifolia and an unidentified capitata-like plant with densely hairy, non-farinose leaves. The page lists distribution ranges for several Primula and Omphalogramma taxa across passes from Tum La and Chubumbu La through Kucha La, Lusha La, Tamnyen La, and into Bhutan and China.

CONTENT:
55a Kucha La

5931. = 5865. Primula Dryadifolia Sect. (Tsongpen) Kucha La. Very common here.
5932. " " Jonarduni (Dryadifolia). " " " " , grows close to 5931.
5933. " " macrocarpa (macrophylla true form). Kucha La. White round the eye not prominent as in 3895.
5934. " " aff capitata.? (Concholoba) Kucha La. I don't recognize this. The leaves have no farina, rare, densely
      covered with long hairs. Unfortunately, only these three specimens were seen.

PRIMULAS. Primula Elizabethae. Extent from TUM LA to CHUBUMBU LA. Its place in the East seems to be taken by
" 5872 Calliantha " " TUM LA to KUCHA LA + Lusha La + Tamnyen La.
" Valentiniana " " China to CHUBUMBU LA.
" odontica " " Tsari Sama (not seen on Chining La or Chubumbu La) to TAKAR LA.
" tsariensis " " LO LA to Tsari Chikchar and then in Bhutan.
" Dryadifolia sect. 5865 (Tsongpen) " " TSANANG LA to KUCHA LA + LO LA
" Chamaethauma " " LUSHA LA to PA LA
Omphalogramma minus " " CHUBUMBU LA to TUM LA. + TAMNYEN LA.
" brachysiphon " " " " " " " " 186-2 57 2.6pm 140.7 = 148.5
Primula Boothii " " HA, Bhutan to NYUG LA PACHAKSHIRI.
" Whitei " " Central Bhutan to DOSHONG LA. (replaced by P. sonchifolia?)

SUMMARY:
Notes record Primula gracilipes as common above and below Lingti and east of Jelep La at about 11,000 ft. Ludlow S. remarks that the Amo Chu River would make a wonderful trout stream and envisions the Chumbi valley as a fine hill station with a road through Bhutan up the Amo Chu.

CONTENT:

3580. Primula gracilipes. Common above & below Lingti.

3580 Prim. gracilipes. Common on E of Jelep La at about 11000 ft.

Ludlow S.
What a wonderful trout stream the Amo Chu River would make. I can see trout of prodigious size lurking in its beautiful pools.

Ludlow S.
What a magnificent hill station the Chumbi valley would make with a road through Bhutan up the Amo Chu.

SUMMARY:
List of Primula specimens with collection numbers and notes on abundance, elevation, and localities across Bhutan in 1949. Mentions collectors identified by initials (B.S, J.H., G.S.) and notes presence or absence around passes and places such as Rip La, Shambling, Tomtom, Sergung La, Takhung, Rudu La, Chenbi Rongang, Dunkhar-Nashima, and Tsampa; notes that some species were not previously collected by L+S.

CONTENT:
xx Never collected by L+S. before.

• .. .. .. in Bhutan ..

Primulas taken 1949

By 18614 P. denticulata. 1 Common all over the country.
B.S 18644 P. bracteosa. 2 Also common on Rip La: Julu: above Shambling:
J.H. 18669 P. filipes? 3xx
G.S. 18673 P. gracilipes 4 v. common near Tomtom.
18675 P. bracteosa v. common at Sergung La beyond Takhung.
18676 P. whitei 5 Not on Rudu La.
18740 P. Normaniana 6
18749 P. filipes 7
18806 P. sp. non mollis 8xx Much more plentiful near Chenbi Rongang.
18809 P. Normaniana
18816 P. mollis Common at Shambling. 6500'-7500'. v. common Dunkhar-Nashima.
18846 P. atrodentata? 9 near atrodentata. No farina. Like No 3636.
18894 P. Hookeri 10 Just before the small pass 2 m E of Rudu La & more W. of the same pass.
18895 P. Calderiana 11
18896 P. elongata. 12 Down steep bit. Along a bit to open where much Calderiana, then common.
18901 P. Smithiana 13
18913 P. geraniifolia 14
18946 P. Barnardoana 15
18947 P. Calderiana All over Tsampa.
18954 P. Calderiana v. alba
18955 P. elongata.
18957 P. atrodentata Everywhere.
18976 P. sikkimensis 16
18981 P. elongata.
19000 A. P. Calderiana
B "
C "