SUMMARY:
Brief notes and Kodachrome photo captions mention views near Yigrong Tso, including downstream scenes and a view from near camp. There is a note about types from Dre for medicine and movement up and down the valley to the Yigrong Range from camp at Gyadzong.

CONTENT:
Kodachrome 12-
Downstream from Yigrong Tso block. 15.1.
Yigrong Tso from near camp 15/1
Types from Dre for medicine 16/1.
Up & down valley to Yigrong Range from camp Gyadzong 16/1.

SUMMARY:
An easy downhill march to Yatung through fir, larch, and rhododendron is described, with few flowers seen and notes on birds and scenes such as Kargiu monastery. The party visits the Depen of Pipithang with Pema translating, rides along the Amo Chu, meets telegraph clerk Rosemeier, and decides to skip Lingmathang due to late flowers, with plans for Ludlow to go to Sharithang while the writer returns.

CONTENT:
13

snow was very fine. The Tibetans have some most expressive words. Their word for dawn means either "The lifting of the skies", or "Sunlight on the peaks."

to
14th May. YATUNG. 9950'. 12 miles. Fine most of the day at low

B. S. contd
Scenes on the way down from Chusitang.
Kargiu monastery -
Piptanthus nepalensis (no. 3)

altitudes, snow on the hills after midday. An easy march down hill to the Chumbi valley, through fir rather than pine & larch & rhododendron jungle. We let the kit go on ahead & wandered down very slowly, looking for birds. Surprised how few flowers are out. There is hardly anything to be collected here now, & there will be less in Lingmathang. Still no news about Tibet from Williamson. Called on the Depen of Pipithang, an agreeable Tibetan trade agent. There the head clerk of the B.T.A. - Pema - met us & translated. Rode in from Pipithang up the Amo Chu, a river which looks ideal for trout, were it not in Tibet. Met here by Rosemeier, the telegraph clerk, who long outstayed his welcome.

15th May. YATUNG. All flowers are so far behind that we have decided not to go to Lingmathang to seek flowers. We will see the place tomorrow & when Ludlow is ready he will go direct to Sharithang. I must return

SUMMARY:
Notes describe passing Yamdrok Tso at Talung with views from Cho Dzong, an easy ascent and descent over the Ta La pass to the plain and Nangartse, and fording the Karo Chu, with fine weather and filming tame ravens. From camp at Nangartse they mention the monastery of Dorji Phamo, report failed telephone contact with Williamson in Lhasa and that they will not meet at Gyantse; the item was sent from Gyantse to Calcutta on 24/09/1933.

CONTENT:
95

B. 30.
Transport passing close to Yamdrok Tso at Talung:
Yamdrok Tso from Cho Dzong:
Ditto: Donkeys & yaks on march over Ta La. Ditto:

the Ta La at m 5. Ascent & descent are both easy, the pass being a climb of about 750 ft. On the north side the plain is again reached at m 6, & the path is thence across the flat plain to Nangartse at m 10. The Karo Chu river is forded shortly after reaching the plain.

At last we had a very nearly perfect day. It was dull at first, then brightened up & the cloud effects were wonderful. We only saw a patch of the Yamdrok Tso, but it was worth seeing. Except for that & the clouds, there is nothing very beautiful, but one could look at the blue sky & clouds for hours. I took some Cinema films of ravens which were very tame in our last camp.

B. 31.
Camp at Nangartse:
raven.

We can see in the distance from here, the monastery where the famous Dorji Phamo (thunderbolt mother of pigs) lives. She is the only woman who can have a meeting with the Dalai Lama, her fame lying in the fact that she can change herself into a pig. Being the only woman who can do so, she is rightly famous. We cannot get hold of Williamson on the phone. He is some way from the office in Lhasa & can't go there just now, but we hear that he will remain in Lhasa till the end of the month, so we will not meet at Gyantse. I should like to have met him there to hear the

B 26 27 28 29 30 Sent from Gyantse 24.9.33 to Calcutta.

SUMMARY:
The party travels along the Yamdrok Tso via Pede toward Kamba Padze and on to Gorkar Dzong, enjoying mostly fine weather, abundant birdlife, and striking lake and mountain scenery. They change transport at Tamalung, collect seeds of several plants, and cross the Khamba La after a brief blizzard; Daud struggles with the rigors of the journey while Puitro secures animals for the pass.

CONTENT:
We put up in a house which was quite clean, and had a brazier in the room. All very comfortable, and really a most excellent day. Daud went off the deep end, and staggered everybody; he told us he couldn't manage on a show like this. I thought he was being badly treated by the others, but it seems he is just not used to this, and it is a bit too much for him.

17th March. Pede. 15 miles. To alt 14400' ap. Another perfect day: in fact I cannot remember a nicer one. The Yamdrok Tso was beautiful—a wonderful blue-green colour. The sky a perfect blue—as one only gets in Tibet. The path follows close to the lake the whole way, and I walked along the edge nearly all the way. We saw thousands of duck, geese, teal & some gulls—the greater black-headed gull, Larus ichthyaetus, & L. brunnicephalus, the brown-headed gull. Also a few black-necked cranes. I took a whole film of Kodachrome for Pan, mostly of birds, and hope they will turn out well. In the evening it clouded over, but that did not matter. A grand day altogether. Stopped in a poor house in Pede. This road, from Nangartse on, is new to us.

18th March. Kamba Padze. 18 miles. To alt 12000' ap. Clouded in the morning. Shortly after starting we had a blizzard, but it only lasted half an hour, then the sun came out again. The path lies along the lake side again till 12. The Yamdrok Tso was frozen right over for several miles, then clear again. As soon as the sun appeared, we could hear the ice cracking, and that went on till the clouds obscured the sun. There is more sign of vegetation on the hills here, & we saw a great deal of Gentiana waltonii, a good deal of Incarvillea lutea (?) & a very little of a primula which from the dead leaves looks like P. jaffreyana. Some seed of all were collected. At 12 the path leaves the lake & climbs a little to a village, Tamalung, where transport is changed. Here they wanted us to stay the night, but we were determined to get over the pass to warmer climes. After a two hour wait Puitro managed to get 20 animals to cross. The rest are to follow tomorrow. The climb to the Khamba La is easy & the Pass is reached at 13 1/2. From the top the Tsangpo can be seen, the descent is very steep & direct into the side valley in which Kampa Padze is situated. We again spent the night in a house, with no ill effects.

19th March. Gorkar Dzong. 11 miles. To Kongka Dzong. A perfect day, no clouds or wind. The Tsangpo is a

SUMMARY:
The writer considers westward routes toward Weitsang without recrossing the Rudu La, noting options from Serdua or via Guru Rinpoche's place toward Bumthang, while describing severe insect troubles. On 9th May they start early, climb to the Sergung La (10,027'), reach Tin, then push on toward Tomtom over the difficult Timunggang pass in snow, where a laden coolie falls and injures his head.

CONTENT:
the path to Tashina anyway. There is a lot of bracken here, and any number of fleas in it. Horseflies and midges also very bad, especially midges. They are a particularly nasty little insect. When this trouble was reported this morning, I began to wonder what I had better do, if I could not get to Tomtom, and thought of going to the Me La to join the others. There is no other road to the east, and none to Singhi Dzong direct. Last night Ngudup was told that there were at least 2 roads going westward. Both go from Serdua, one more or less direct to Weitsang in 7 days or so. The other goes to Guru Rinpoche's place of some sort, where there is said to be a very big 'thang' or plain, and so on from there towards Bumthang, but to the north a bit. Neither is said now to be unduly difficult, unless there is very heavy rain. So it looks as if after all — if we can get the coolies — we may get through to Weitsang, without going back over the Rudu La, which I do not want to do.

9th May. Tin. But not just Tin like that — far from it. The coolies came alright, and we were off at 5.15, up the steepest path ever to the Sergung La at 10,027'. That is 2500' up. Then on, on an atrocious path, up and down through dense forest to Tin. Here we waited a bit, and some coolies suggested going on to Tomtom. As they suggested this, I agreed, and so off we went again, the same path, up and down logs and cliffs to another pass Timunggang, perhaps a mile on, but an hour's very hard work, and up to about 11,000'. Then on again into snow, always cold but not very much further. The path was almost impossible for laden coolies, and one fell down with his load and bashed his head.

SUMMARY:
Notes on routes between Lomitsawa, Wangdipotrang, and Tsalimaphe, including Tobgye’s rapid ride from Wangdipotrang to Ha. Entries for 11–12 August describe continuous heavy rain after drought, severe mosquitoes, delayed rice sowing, finding scarce Lilium wallichianum near Wangdipotrang, and a 22-mile march to Tsalimaphe with swollen rivers, risky bridges, coolie changes, moving to a tent due to fleas, and arrival of mail.

CONTENT:
90

Lomitsawa and go direct to Tsalimaphe from Wangdipotrang. When Tobgye returns from Bumthang, he goes from Wangdipotrang to Ha in 2 days, which is 6 normal stages. Of course he rides, but a few of his men keep up with him all the way.

11th August. Wangdipotrang 7 miles. Rained all night, rain today. The mosquitoes last night were awful, I have never been bitten or worried so much by them before. It is only three days ago since rain started here, they have had a real drought. It has been so dry that rice has not been sown, which should have been done a month ago. They have plenty of rain now, but it is too late. Found Lilium Wallichianum just above here, but very scarce. It is said to be common 6-8 miles down the Mo Chu.

12th August. To Tsalimaphe. 22 miles. Left at 5:30 am. I got in at 4:15 pm and the kit at 6:30-7:00 pm. It was fine for an hour in the morning, but all the rest of the day has simply poured, without a stop. The rivers are huge and some bridges will not last much longer, on our route down today. Coolies changed about 1/3 of the way here. Expected to put up in a hut, but found the fleas too much for me, so am in a tent. A mail came in, and

SUMMARY:
Page records advances, monthly pay, and ration allowances for expedition staff, including a Tibetan blanket to be given at Yatung. Notes include multiple May payments, Changu’s dismissal and refund, and later disbursements at Bumthang and Phari.

CONTENT:
Engaged Danong son of Ribu at Rs 30 + 10 a month from 1st May, &
1 Tibetan blanket to be given at Yatung. ADVANCE PAID Rs. 40/-.
Ahmad Sheikh paid monthly pay of Rs 35/- for May & ration allowance
of Rs 10/- paid 1st May.
Ahmad Sheikh paid Rs 10/- 28th May.
Danong paid Rs 10 ration allowance for June on 18th May. Blanket Rs. 10.
Changu paid Rs 30 advance 20th May. Dismissed 29th May. Rs 15/- to be refunded.
Danong paid Rs. 10/- ration for July & Rs 30/- pay for June - 14.7.33 Bumthang.
Danong paid Rs 110/- = Ration Aug Sept. & Pay July Aug & Sept. Phari 1/9/33.
Pintso paid 120/- = Pay up to end Aug. + 40 baksheesh. A. Sheikh 10/-
Ahmad Sheikh paid Rs 10/- rations for September.

SUMMARY:
The valley between Damthang and Ha is described as very pretty, with cultivation starting a mile below Damthang and continuing all the way to Ha. Principal crops are wheat, barley, and buckwheat; villages are small but houses are built on massive lines.

CONTENT:
Ludlow June 8. The valley between Damthang
& Ha is very pretty. Cultivation begins a
mile below Damthang & continues the
whole way to Ha. Principal crops are
wheat, barley, buckwheat - good crops with
lots of straw. Villages are small but
houses are built on massive lines.

SUMMARY:
Notes describe UNGAR on the UNGAR CHU and the route over the bridge to the left bank, passing DRUMA, WANGYI, and KHINAY LHAKANG, with ample water and fuel and Shukhang free of leeches. A tiring day is recounted with mules running off, a late start to allow Ramzana to skin birds, hot sticky weather, and observations of birds, butterflies, and the first Delphinium, with plant records listed (Delphinium carola 298; Polygonatum nervulosum 300; Chirita bifolia 301).

CONTENT:
46

(UNJAR)
UNGAR lies on the right bank of this river, close to the bridge, not as marked on the map (78 M Towang 1920). The bridge is crossed here to the left bank of the UNGAR CHU, the route ascends gradually at first, steeper later, passing the villages of DRUMA, WANGYI & KHINAY LHAKANG, passing several side nalas, all of which are easily crossed, without bridges.

Delphinium carola 298
Polygonatum nervulosum 300
Chirita bifolia 301

Water & fuel ample. Shukhang appears to be free of leeches. No conifers on route. // A most tiring day, but otherwise a good one. We had had rather a disturbed night thinking of leeches, & waking up to see whether any were on us. But we had soaked the legs of our beds in salt water, & that kept them pretty well off. The mules ran off in the night, so we had to walk the whole way. 10 miles does not sound much, but this must have been equal to at least 20 on the flat. We left camp late at 8.0 to give Ramzana time to skin some birds, so that I could photograph some flowers. Mist soon came up again later, but as we got down to the low valley, the sun came out, & it was frightfully hot & sticky. Birds were interesting, as were butterflies, & I got our first Delphinium -

SUMMARY:
A perfect day after earlier delays from missing yaks and money wrangles in Tsona; the party moved north over a pass to Tre with easy gradients. Lumsden attempted but missed a gazelle. Tre is noted as having 73 houses, and a visit toward Thang to look for blackbirds resulted in a difficult chase without success.

CONTENT:
morning. It cleared up gradually and midday has been lovely, but there are still clouds about, and more snow to come. Yaks did not turn up, so we had to stay the day here again.

Tsona to Tre
16th April. Tre B.P. 186.4 Temp. 44° Time 4.0pm. Approx ht. 14272 ft. An absolutely perfect day, without a cloud in the morning, then some wonderful cumulus clouds later on. Yaks of course turned up late, and there was the usual unpleasant wrangle about money and all sorts of little things for which Tsona is famous. We finally got all but 12 yaks off at 11.0 am, the last bunch leaving some hours later. Road leads north over the plain, then into a valley beyond that which leads to Mago. An easy ascent for 3 miles to the pass, and a very gentle descent of another three miles on the north side. Lumsden tried his hand again at gazelle, but missed. In at 3.0 pm.

Tre counts 73 houses
Thang, our last year first halt beyond Tsona was under a mile down the valley we camped in. So I went down to see if I could find any blackbirds which were there last year. I did, and was led a hell of a chase by them, missing one once, and failing to get near any others. But I found a