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SUMMARY:
The diarist left Tsongpen at a drogpa above Chorken Namo with two boys and kit, dealt with a troublesome man who led them beyond Karpo, and aided transport people lacking tents during snow. Tsongpen plans a trip via Karpo and the Trakan La. Botanical notes include abundant gentians (Gentiana ampherata 2592, G. stictantra on the Chaha, G. ornata) and collections of G. detonsa seed and P. parra.

CONTENT:
Gen. ampherata 2592

hard again in the evening. I left Tsongpen at a drogpa above Chorken Namo, with two boys with his kit. One man with us caused a lot of trouble by taking the boys where they were not to go beyond Karpo, which had been arranged with the head men the day before. I'm afraid I was very angry, & gave him a good hearty kick up the backside, which made him furious. However it changed the subject, & I think the boys will go alright. A pretty beastly day. The transport people came with no tents or covering at all, must have had a miserable night, though we gave them some sarakis when it started to snow. It looks as if Tsongpen would have a pretty rotten time of it on his trip round by Karpo & the Trakan La, but he seems cheerful enough. There is a new gentian growing on the swampy ground by camp, & G. stictantra is growing on the Chaha, especially the North side, where there were masses of G. ornata. It is very common here too.

Zimsaki
20th Sept. Halt. A lovely day, with some storms round about. Sky perfectly clear in the evening. Collected some G. detonsa seed & P. parra. There is a fine gentian here 2592, which I have Gentiana ampherata 2592.

SUMMARY:
Travel from Zangthang included cold, wind, and intermittent sun, with a lama accompanying for part of the route to collect seeds of meconopsis, thalictrum, and primulas. Gentians were found near Tulung La, and on the following day a fine white gentian was collected at the summit of Dza La, while Sherriff walked the whole way in improved weather.

CONTENT:
lighting a cigarette, the flap of a waterproof, or another yak appearing from behind are all enough to send him all over the place.

To Sherriff walked the whole way - L. Yakid
9th August. ZANGTHANG. 8 miles. 15,374'. Left in rain, but it gradually cleared up, and we had some sun here, as well as rain. Very cold here with a strong wind.

Took the lama with me for another five miles. Bagged four lots of the little blue meconopsis (708) and showed him some more, also wee horridula. I think he will manage to collect a good many seeds. He is supposed to try to get the thalictrum 710, meconopsis 708, white meconopsis, a blue (shao) mec. + two primulas, besides anything else he can manage to find. Found a few gentians near the Tulung La, and wanted to photo them on arrival here, but the wind was very strong and the water horribly cold. Results not too good, especially as all the gentians shut up in the cold.

10th August. GVI. 15,853'. 9 miles. Sherriff walked the whole way. A fine day at last with no rain, a great and very pleasant change. Left at 6.30 in at 1.0 pm. View quite good but not impressive. Got a very fine white gentian, growing only on the Dza La at the summit of the pass 17,000' (789). Other gentians also out, very

SUMMARY:
The party delayed departure to meet HH, discussing a Treaty, M.K., and reports from Tobgye that the Sikkim Maharani had stirred Nepalis of Sikkim to oppose the Maharaja; they later dined and played games with HH and two Maharanis. They set off around 10:00 on a short, steep march behind Kunga Rapden, noting cultivation, forest edge and grassland, and several rhododendrons including R. arboreum, R. grande, and epiphytes such as R. edgeworthii and R. rhabdotum.

CONTENT:
9th April. Zangrapang. 5 miles. BP. 195.9° T. 61° 5.0pm. Ht. app. 9150'

This was a very short march, but we felt we could not leave HH until a time more suitable to royalty than our usual 6.0 am. So I said we would go when he was ready, that was 9.30. We had had a long & pleasant session with HH & on 8th. He came up again at 3.0pm & we had dinner at 7.0 & he left at 8.0. I talked to him again about the Treaty, & more about M.K. & the danger of getting mixed up with the intriguing of the Sikkim Maharani. He was aware of the danger there, more so because he had just heard from Tobgye that the Sikkim Maharani had induced the Nepalis of Sikkim & some others to go to the Palace to say they did not want the Maharaja, but wanted Indian Raj. This naturally made HH think very much. We later on had games with the two Maharanis & HH, & the greatest success was animal snaps, which so amused HH that we had to stop for fear he would do himself some harm through over laughing.

Today HH came up again to say goodbye, at 9.30, & we were off at 10.0. He was the same pleasant friendly & thoughtful man as always, & had thought out everything for us & our comfort on the road. The road was pretty steep, straight up behind Kunga Rapden, to the east. There is now a good deal of cultivation for about 2000' up, then the path goes along the edge of the forest, to a large area of grass. Round about here there were a number of rhodos. Rhod. arboreum is common, as is R. grande (18660) & some epiphytes like R. Edgeworthii, & rhabdotum,

SUMMARY:
At around 14,000 ft the party camps on Yuto La, noting changing weather, a nearby water-turned prayer wheel tended by an elderly woman, and botanical work including primulas and seed collections. A man delivers biscuits and mangoes, the latter sent by Tobgye to HH by express runners. The following day is a halt with rain.

CONTENT:
82

from Calcutta, not a thing remained when he got back home.
It really is a rotten system this present giving one, but it
seems very well established. Outside the window is a huge
water-turned prayer wheel. Beside it sits a woman acquiring as
much merit as possible. She sits by the door of the wheel house; in
one hand she is turning a prayer wheel, while she turns her beads over
in the other. She must feel that she is very old indeed.

Up to 14,000 ft.
20th July. Yuto La. 9 miles. BP. Temp. Time Ht. More or
less fine till the evening. Camp actually on the pass, hope to see
to N-S during the next two days. One primula is still in
flower here, No 3465 (P. smithiana 3465 - see 12th June), which we took before in the Longto Chu,
3250 (P. sikkimensis 3250). I got a fair amount of seed from some taken pretty low
down, where the lowest of often 6 whorls were ripe (Geranium 3466). The next
few days are more and more going to be a trial (Clematis 3467). On the pass a
man was waiting patiently for me, with a basket of biscuits
& another of mangoes! The latter are sent by Tobgye to HH by
express runners (Presents). It is a very kind thought, but an awful waste
of money, especially on me, as I don't particularly care for them.

Yuto La Camp.
21st July. Halt. Thunder again last evening. Fine for an hour or
two this morning, then rain most of the day. We went up the

SUMMARY:
At Yume, the diarist notes wet, misty conditions, sparse flowering, and prominent rhododendron, pays off the coolies, and arranges horses to Sangacholing. The following day, during a halt, the diarist and Tsungpen follow the Yume Chu on a difficult, muddy route through dense jungle and see little in flower.

CONTENT:
we merely go down 1½ m to Yume, where I will halt a day I think.

25th June. Yume. 1½ m. 11800'. Wet in the morning and misty all day. There is not so much out here as I had hoped. A Gentian stylophora was seen, a clematis one or two small flowers. The plain here is full of the yellow rhododendron, and where there are meadows, there are masses of P. sikkimensis and of P? a candelabra with pale wine red flowers. A good many have white flowers. I have not been out yet, but do not expect to find a great deal.

Paid off the coolies at the rate of 2 shoogon per day's march and 1 per halt. All have gone, and horses are arranged from here to Sangacholing. Fine for most of the afternoon, but hills always in mist.

26th June. Halt. Tsungpen and I went down the Yume Chu for 4 miles or so along what was called a good road. It wasn't bad for a mile or two, but was then either in the river, along the edge, or in the mud. The jungle was far too dense for there to be many flowers: mostly bamboo with some cypress and fir and evergreen trees. Saw nothing.

SUMMARY:
At Yönpula the party marched through Pinus longifolia forest and noted Rhododendron arboreum in flower while searching near Yönpu La for a previously seen rhododendron, collecting seeds instead. Lumsden is mentioned, and several severe medical cases, including a badly burned elderly woman, were brought in for treatment at the 8000' camp.

CONTENT:
8

off, as we were a bit late - Lumsden taking too long
over his shave!

28th Feb. YÖNPULA. 8000' 7 miles. Yesterday & today the marches Pinus longifolia forest
have mostly been through forest of Pinus longifolia, with which the
southern hill faces are covered. The northern faces are mostly covered
with other evergreens, but have some pine too. There are still no Rhod arboreum
flowers to be seen except Rhododendron arboreum. Some of them were Yönpu La
lovely. I looked today to try & find the new rhod. seen on the 28 Feb
Yönpu La, but it was not in bloom. But we collected seeds Rhod maddenii 1141, 1142
of what may be it, taken from close to, if not the same Rhod arboreum 1143
bush. Lumsden's fame is spreading. In the evening Hemiphragma heterophylla 1144
yesterday the worst case of burning I've ever seen was brought Pieris filipes 1145
in on a stretcher from 8 miles away. She had had a fit
& fallen in the fire, both legs being horribly burnt. That
was 17 days ago so they are pretty fruity now. Poor old lady,
she was having an awful time. She will come on today
for more treatment. Several other awful cases were brought in
the last two days - all of a year or two's standing, & pretty
difficult to treat. It is very parky up here; there is no snow
but signs of it pretty close to. Yesterday's camp was a

SUMMARY:
Notes abundant Primula filipes along the path east from the chorten at the south end of the pass, and records a single primula (1147) likely P. Boothii found by the Tsongpen east of Yongpu La among waterfalls, though no more were located. Mentions a badly burned lady in poor condition and hopes Lumsden can help. Also reports shooting a barking deer for meat and enjoying views of the snows.

CONTENT:
10

Prim. filipes The specimens taken here were along the path which leads East from the Chorten at the S. end of the pass. Anywhere along that path where a small nala crosses the path, there is P. filipes. I went along a mile, and found it every few hundred yards. The lady had a very bad night with her burnt legs. I hope Lumsden will manage to do something for her. They were 17 days unattended, so are in an awful state, and the smell is really bad. I went out twice in the afternoon saw a barking deer, which I shot at 40 yards with a .410 lethal bullet. Its flesh will provide a very good change from the everlasting moonghi.

1st March Halt. Saw nothing in the morning, but Tsongpen
Yongpu La went up the hill E of the Yongpu La and came down a side
Prim. gracilipes 1147 nala where he found a beautiful primula (1147) which
Rho. grande 1148 I think must be P. Boothii. I immediately went there, but could find no more. It was only seen in a very small area among waterfalls, on mossy rocks in the shade on a south face. It is heliotrope with a greenish yellow centre and the best flowers were 1 inch across, or more. We have lovely views of the snows each morning awaits

SUMMARY:
Notes on Lilium growing in dense forest at Yongbu La, with the summit opening to grassy downs affording excellent grazing for cattle. Birds observed include skylarks, greenfinches, and titlarks, with a specimen entry noted as 2421 ♂ Passer domesticus.

CONTENT:
2421 ♂ Passer domesticus.

p. 30
Yongbu La
Lilium - like L. giganteum it loves
dense shade & we found it in
heavy forest competing quite
successfully with a host of trees
& shrubs in the dense undergrowth.
Top of the Yongbu La opens to a
series of grassy downs affording
excellent grazing for cattle. Skylarks
on the summit & also greenfinches
& titlarks.

SUMMARY:
Brief notes and Kodachrome photo captions mention views near Yigrong Tso, including downstream scenes and a view from near camp. There is a note about types from Dre for medicine and movement up and down the valley to the Yigrong Range from camp at Gyadzong.

CONTENT:
Kodachrome 12-
Downstream from Yigrong Tso block. 15.1.
Yigrong Tso from near camp 15/1
Types from Dre for medicine 16/1.
Up & down valley to Yigrong Range from camp Gyadzong 16/1.

SUMMARY:
Daily max/min temperatures (°F) and weather notes are recorded at Yigong Tso for early February, noting clear days, cloud, wind, and precipitation. Observations include snow on hilltops and rain at night, with snow reported down to 8500 ft.

CONTENT:
49.

Temperatures
Place: Yigong Tso. Max. Min. Weather.
1st Feb & 31st Jan - 1st Feb. Clear.
2 Feb & 1 Feb - 2 Feb 58° 27° F. Cloudy some snow on tops flurries. Cloudy day.
3 Feb & 2 - 3 Feb 58° 17° F. Cloudy till midnight: then clear. Clear day.
4 Feb & 3 - 4 Feb 59° 15° F. Clear.
5 Feb & 4 - 5 Feb 63° 17° F. Cloudy till 4:00 am then clear. Clear day. Cloud evening.
6 Feb & 5 - 6 Feb 58° 19° F. Light cloud. Cloudy evening with wind.
7 Feb & 6 - 7 Feb 61° 24° F. Light cloud at night. Clear day. Some cumulus cloud.
8 Feb & 7 - 8 Feb 63° 37° F. Cloudy. Snow on hilltops. Very little rain at night.
9 Feb & 8 - 9 Feb 60° 36° F. Rain at night. Snow to 8500'. Heavy cloud. Rainy day.
& 9 - 10 Feb 35°