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SUMMARY:
Travelled about 9 miles down the valley near Tora under fine weather that later brought hail, noting Iris lactea in flower and likely matching K. Ward's 'Karta' iris, with poplars, willows, and buckthorn near a hillside monastery. Sheep were seen struggling for forage during lambing season, six partridges were shot, and a possible Ceratostigma was observed.

CONTENT:
Locals say they are white.

Tora 19th Tora 9 miles B.P. 189.47 Temp. 49° Time 4.30pm. Approx ht. :

A fine day, clouding over, with some hail in the afternoon.

The iris (Iris lactea), which we saw first yesterday, continued down the valley, is here in flower in a few places. It does not appear new, and yet surely must be K. Ward's 'Karta' iris. I have a few seeds of last year, will collect more in the autumn. The road goes down the valley the whole way, passing ruined villages and inhabited ones here and there and some cultivation. There is a biggish monastery here, perched on a hill on the right bank about 300' above the bank, and a number of trees, mostly poplar and willow (Salix babylonica?), which will soon be out. There is also some buckthorn scrub (Hippophae rhamnoides). The sheep have an awful time. On the plateau at 15,000–16,000' they have some grass which seems to do them pretty well. Down here there is no grass, and we see them in the fields, which have not yet been sown, scraping up the earth just like hens, to find some roots coming up. How they live like that I don't know. And this is the lambing season, and most have already lambed. We shot 6 partridges on the way down, and saw quite a number. Here I think there is a Ceratostigma.

SUMMARY:
Introductory text outlines 1990s automotive trends and begins a top-10 list, highlighting the McLaren F1 (launched in 1992) and its engineering achievements, alongside the Toyota Supra (A80) and Mazda RX-7 (FD).

CONTENT:
<p>The 1990s was a decade of significant change for the automotive industry, marked by a shift towards more aerodynamic designs, improved safety features, and the rise of the SUV. This era produced some of the most iconic and beloved cars in history, many of which are now considered classics. From high-performance sports cars to reliable family sedans, the 90s had something for everyone. In this article, we'll take a look at the top 10 cars of the 90s that have left a lasting impact on the automotive world.</p>

<h2>1. McLaren F1</h2>
<p>The McLaren F1 is often considered the greatest supercar of all time. Launched in 1992, it held the record for the world's fastest production car for over a decade, with a top speed of 240.1 mph. Its unique three-seat configuration, with the driver in the center, and its gold-lined engine bay for heat reflection, made it a marvel of engineering.</p>

<h2>2. Toyota Supra (A80)</h2>
<p>The fourth-generation Toyota Supra, particularly the Turbo model, became a legend in the tuner scene. Its 2JZ-GTE engine was famous for its reliability and potential for massive power gains. The Supra's sleek design and performance capabilities have made it a highly sought-after classic today.</p>

<h2>3. Mazda RX-7 (FD)</h2>
<p>The third-generation Mazda RX-7 is renowned for its beautiful,

SUMMARY:
Heavy spring rain at Tongkyun with peach blossom in Pasha; several halt days used to repack for a two‑month return journey while letters were exchanged rapidly with Ludlow via Dzeng. Tsungpen and Akong visited Trulung; plans were made for Ludlow to go to Pemakochung and the Yigrong Range, possibly leaving Suowa to Tsungpen, and Henry may accompany the diarist to Tromda. The writer, feeling heart trouble, decides to return to India amid persistently dull, rainy weather.

CONTENT:
been held up, but had gone very slowly indeed & had waited in Lhasa a very long while. I felt my heart rather a lot, & have had to decide to go back to India, a blow which I haven't realized fully yet.

31st March. Tongkyun. We had heavy rain & a thunderstorm on the way - typical weather for spring. Although it was very heavy, it was noticeable that snow did not fall low down on the hills. All the peach blossom is out here, in Pasha - a very pretty sight.

1-2-3 April. Halt. Nothing much to do. Repacked all stores for our 2 months trip back, leaving the rest for Ludlow to dispose of. Tsungpen & Akong went to Trulung on 3rd for a quick trip to Trulung and back, & hope secured for quite a lot of good things. There must be a great change down that way by now.

4-5-6-7th April. Halt. I sent a letter to Ludlow on 3rd telling him of our altered plans. The lad took it to Dzeng in 2 days & found L & S there, they not yet having been able to see the Dzongpen at Tsola Dzong, as he had gone to Trulung. Ludlow wrote back at once & I got the letter on 6th - there & back in 4 days. Ludlow plans now to go to Pemakochung, then here by 15 May & on to the Yigrong Range. He wants to let Tsungpen do the Suowa area on his own. I wonder if that is wise & if Tsungpen can manage it. It would be a jolly good show if he did do it. Henry suggests coming with me to Tromda, but I hope that will not be necessary. We will have to have a good talk on 14th when we meet there. What a lot of time has been wasted this year. But we could not help it. Tsungpen should be back here this evening from Trulung, if he has had no trouble from coolies.

8th & 9th Ap. Halt. Every day is the same now. Each night it rains more or less. Each day is cloudy, with some bright intervals, more or less. It is dull weather,

SUMMARY:
From Tongkyuk Dzong, the party reconnoitred toward the Soshe La but was turned back by deep snow, placed a thermograph, and noted views of Gyala Peri. Botanical observations included Meconopsis and Nomocharis, abundant capsules on Lilium wardii, and a noteworthy Lonicera; weather was cold with light snow. The old Dzongpon prepared to depart for Lhasa, and local peaks including Rangzen Karpo were discussed.

CONTENT:
moraine, when the road disappeared, & became too bad for ponies. Here I stopped and Ludlow went on, on foot, to try to reach the pass. He was held up by snow up to his knees & had to give up. While he was away, I looked at the cliff beside me & at the foot of it, & found many Mec. paniculata, a few M. speciosa, Primula aff. hyacinthina, several Allium, a Nomocharis & other signs of good things. We returned to camp at 6.0 pm.

1st Jan. 1947. Tongkyuk Dzong. Left at 8.0, & back at 2.0 pm. Nothing new seen on the way. We looked for Cremanthodium, but found none. The only game bird seen on the trip was one ♀ tragopan on the way up. The trip was worth while - we placed the thermograph: we saw the Soshe La: & saw that the area is undoubtedly a good one for flowers. There is a very fine view of the snow peaks around Gyala Peri from a little below the entrance to the Soshe La, with the river in the foreground.

2nd Jan. Halt. - Cloudy all day + cold, though min. temp. was high. Ludlow found two Lil. Wardii, one with 22 pods & one with 14. Both bulbs very big — one 8" in circumference. (Later saw one with 28 capsules). We can get little information about the mountains to the SE of here. The big one most obvious from here is called Rangzen Karpo & Gyala Peri is said to be more to the South i.e. right from here, but not visible.

3rd Jan Halt. - Cloudy all day, with snow in the evening down to about 10,000' but clearing up. Ludlow found a very interesting shrub 12062, a Lonicera, in flower. We have never seen this before.

4th Jan. Halt. - Only a very little snow fell, none in Tongkyuk, but pretty well up the hills. Even what fell will not last for long. We find that the old Dzongpon is going back to Lhasa now, so are sending with him a few

SUMMARY:
Diary entries record weather from the end of March through mid-April at Tonghyuk Dz, with frequent rain and snow reaching elevations of 11,500 feet, including 1 inch at Amnyina and 9 inches at Lumang. Notes also document payments to Mohammed and possible amounts related to Tsetang and Gyantse, clarifying pay, advance, and pony fodder expenses.

CONTENT:
31st - 1st April. Tonghyuk Dz. Very heavy rain at night. Snow to 11500'.
1 - 2 - " Bright part of day. Cloudy afternoon.
2 - 3 - " Cloudy night. Cloud some sun.
3 - 4 - " Rain at night. Cloudy day 4th.
4 - 5 - " " " " & snow to 11500'. 5th.
5 - 6 - " Little rain at night. Cloudy but fine day.
6 - 7 - " Rain at night. Cloudy some rain 7th.
7 - 8 - " " " " - 8
8 - 9 - " Heavy rain " " - 9.
9 - 10 - " " " " Ditto all day 10th.
10 - 11 - " " " " " 11th.
11 - 12 - " Heavy snow 1" at Amnyina. 9" at Lumang. Fine but heavy cloud 12th.
12 - 13. Low cloud. Mostly fine but much cloud. 13th.
13 - 14. Some snow.

Mohammed has had Rs 20 + 200 sangp on 15 Dec.
150 " ? Tsetang Pedong Dorji
400 " ? Gyantse R.B.B.

Of these payments:-
Rs 20 + 300 sangp (Rs 100) is his pay - + Adv. 5/-
Remainder 450 sangp was for ponies' food.

12338 P. chungensis = 12279.

SUMMARY:
Notes from fir forest observations and collecting, including comparison of a Primula resembling tsariensis, signs of shao, and an encounter with blood pheasants with chicks. At Tomtsang the day was misty with heavy rain; the route to the pass is steep and direct, with abundant Primula species observed but little new.

CONTENT:
Abies delavayi 2198
Pedicularis filiculiformis sp. nov. 2197

In fir forest is yet another primula which I thought was tsariensis 2194. It looks much the same, but it has a much longer scape & bigger though similar leaves. I left it at first, but as I have never seen 2195 in fir forest before, took it under 2196. Down here there are a good many signs of shao in the forest. I came across again a pair of blood pheasant, with chicks, one of which I caught, but I could not induce either parent to come nearer than 10 yards or so, so did not take a photo. Fine all day, but cloudy, & rather misty in the afternoon.

23rd June. Tomtsang. 8 m. 12600'. A foul day. Thick mist & heavy rain all day long. And we saw very little. Plenty of Prim. macrophylla, P. tenuiloba, dryadifolia, glabra, the bright one tsariensis 2195, & the yellow jucunda 2175, but little of interest as new. The road to the pass just goes straight up the side of the hill - I have never seen more direct route. Similarly it is pretty straight down this side for the first 500 ft, then eases off & finally very steep indeed down through the jungle. Here I had hoped to find more, but there is really

SUMMARY:
In heavy rain, the party ascends from Omta Tso past Thita Tso to Thampe La (~16,000 ft) and descends to Thampe beside Thampe Tso, noting bearings and that Thampe Tso drains east to the Mangde Chu. Primula 3383 occurs near the pass, with masses of P. pusilla and common P. hopeana. The following day is a rainy halt with sleet, and a short valley exploration reveals another lake.

CONTENT:
Toke Maru or Rinchen Chu

6th July. Thampe La. 4 miles. B.P. 187.0°. Temp. 51°. Time 3:00 p.m.

Rained all night, and very hard all day today. Path climbs steeply for ½ mile from the Omta Tso on the left bank of the river, which comes down in a waterfall. At ½ mile, another lake, the Thita Tso, is met. This is about ½ mile long and 300–400 yards across, surrounded by steep hills. The path keeps to the west of this, and at the NE end, begins to climb to the Thampe La, which is about 16,000 ft. Bearings of the nala, the Rinchen Chu, are about 240°, and on the north side 65°M. Descent easy with cliffs on both sides to Thampe at mile 4. Thampe is a grassy clearing beside the Thampe Tso, another lake about 300 yards each way. The water on the north side of the Thampe Tso flows down east to the Mangde Chu. Primula 3383 was growing to within a mile of the pass or less, always on open ground. We found nothing new here in that line. P. pusilla is in masses, coloring the hillside blue. P. hopeana also very common.

7th July. Halt. Rain all night and day. On the hilltops it was very cold and sleet fell all morning. We went up a valley lying at about 170°M from Thampe. There is a sheep's track. On the other side of the ridge—about 1½ miles—at about the same altitude as this place, is yet another lake, about 500 x 300 yards.

SUMMARY:
Field notes describe bird collecting in dense jungle near Tobrang, with birds proving shy; Ludlow shot a 'whistling schoolboy' thought to be the Burma form or possibly new, and there is still no sign of Puitso or the missing dak. On the 6th they moved to SHAPANG (6584') over 6 miles in hot weather after heavy overnight rain, with BP 200.6 and temperature 75°, and recorded plant specimens 935–938.

CONTENT:
83

morning and evening wandering about the jungle, and did fairly well. But we have both developed the habit of missing Pucopygas in a most distressing way. Ludlow shot a "whistling schoolboy", and was surprised to find that it is different - either the Burma bird or a new one. No sign yet of Puitso or the missing dak. Tomorrow is our last day here. We have done well here, and got about 10 or a dozen birds a day, others are a good many different ones still to collect, but even in dry weather it would be difficult to get all. It is curious how shy all birds are in this dense jungle, where they have such easy means of hiding. Neither in Tibet nor here, are birds molested in any way - game birds or others. But whereas in Tibet, on an open plateau, with no cover at all, birds will let you walk to within a few yards of them, here they are off into thick cover almost before one has time to see them.

5th Sept. Tobrang.

6th Sept. To SHAPANG. 6584' 6 miles. Very hot, but fine until the evening. There was very heavy rain last night for some hours. (BP. 200.6 Temp 75°)

Didymocarpus albitubus 935
Vigna vexillata 936
Hoya linearis 937
Chlorophytum nepalense 938