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SUMMARY:
Field notes at Tsari Sama record a Monal sighting and comparative observations of several Primula species, including uncertainties in identification and notes on flowering and rooting characteristics. The page also describes the main valley’s bearings, the Lo La pass toward Lopa territory, and a route from Shacho Tsukang via the Gai La to Trashiying with conditions and height noted.

CONTENT:
38a Tsari Sama. 16 June

Monal (Sclateri) seen in this valley, in rhododendron, above abies.

5569 Primula pelenteneum Tsari Sama. This is I think the same as 3953. It is not really common here, is swamped out by a more robust primula Kingii 5570.

5570 Primula Kingii Tsari Sama. I am not sure which is which of these. 5570 has more the form of P. odontica, being more robust, having 3-5 flowers, & being in masses. But the colour of 5569 more resembles P. odontica than does the colour of 5570. Neither have the marked Chionogenes.

5573. Prim. Chionogenes Tsari Sama. Taken from immediately N of the Himalayan Range. If it is like any others taken, perhaps it is nearer fudoka-chionogenes 3698 than anything else. Flowers over very quickly, as in 3648. Rooted together very tightly.

5579 Prim. Chionogenes Tsari Sama. Taken from South side of Pass. Plants not so densely rooted together. Have same as 3983? y.

5575. Prim. floribunda Tsari Sama. I don't know this one. Its leaves are unlike any sikkimensis primula I know. It is common, but not yet in full flower.

5576. Prim. morsheadiana Tsari Sama. This is the same as my 2396 from Kashmir in 1936 & I think the same as No 3986 of 1938. I can't see how either are the same as No 3848 prevalis, which is always Candelabra, & the leaves of which differ so much: flowers are also smaller & never open.

X. The main valley here flows about on a bearing of 40°, turning to 30°. At its head is a pass, open now with no snow, very easy, called the Lo La (as are all leading to Lopa country), about 14000 ft., over which a path leads to Lopa territory. Lopas do come up this way each year about now, & raid the locals' yaks - if the latter are kept in this valley. This valley enters the Langong Chu above Singo Samba, about 2 m. above the Lo La Chu.

Shacho Tsukang to Trashiying. A path goes S.W round to a second tsukang & over a pass very to Trashiying. Details not known. A short cut leaves Shacho at bearing 300° & climbs steeply to the Gai La at m 2. From here Trashiying can be seen at a bearing of 330°. There is still snow on the N side of the pass, but path fairly easy, steep in places. B.P. of Pass 186.0° T. 45°. Time 7.0 am.
17.6.38.
Ht. app. 14537'.

SUMMARY:
List of seeds and plants to collect along the route from Ha to Ha la, with notes on locations such as 2 m above Damthang, top of pass, and 1/2 m before pass. Includes mention of 54 Codonopsis tubers marked with sticks.

CONTENT:
Seeds to collect from Ha to Ha la.

Codonopsis sp. nr. 19620 54 tubers marked with sticks.
Primula geraniifolia 2 m above Damthang.
Polygonum vacciniifolium & Roots
Primula pusilla
Primula Pet-Sect. Roots. top of pass
Potentilla white red centre
Meconopsis superba
Cyananthus lobatus.
Primula elongata.
Primula kingii. 1/2 m before pass

SUMMARY:
After heavy rain and hail, the writer explored near camp, noting Primula hopeana, saxifrages, and a Primula boothii believed to match last year’s variety from the Nyuhsangha in East Bhutan, with plans to collect it on the descent. On 7th June, a halt day brought a perfect morning followed by afternoon storms, and several Primula species were recorded, including elongata, hopeana, kingii, sapphirina, and tsariensis, along with the new variety of P. boothii.

CONTENT:
we have not seen before. Then up here, in a short time after the very heavy rain and hail was over, I went out and saw a number of good things, including Primula hopeana, some good saxifrages and other flowers. I think this place will do us well, and hope we will have good weather. The cliff to the NW looks full of possibilities. We came up a good 4000 ft today. The last coolies were in at 6.0 pm. It is now 7.15, and I have never been so late with dinner before. An interesting plant seen nearly up here is a Primula boothii. It cannot be the ordinary boothii at this height, and must be my new variety of last year, which I think was No. 1178, from the Nyuhsangha in East Bhutan. All flower is of course over, but I will collect it on the way down.

7th June. Halt. After a perfect night, it was again a perfect morning, and remained so longer than our morning has so far. Till 1.0 pm it was lovely. By 2.0 pm there was a thunderstorm, heavy hail, sleet and rain. By 4.0 pm it was over and the sun out again, and again the night is perfect. We had another good day. First of all there were Primula elongata and Primula hopeana common. Also the new variety of P. boothii, No. 3206. Then away at the top of the hills, over 15000' were P. kingii 3203 and P. sapphirina 3204. A more interesting primula was P. tsariensis No. 3205, which will cause the Professor some thought I'm sure. It is such a beauty too. Two other

SUMMARY:
Entries describe 30–31 May at Charithang with fine then rainy weather, scarce birds, collection of Primula Kingii, and mail; guide Pintsho went to Yatung and returned with mules to prepare for the march. On 1 June they marched about 10 miles to Damthang, crossing Kyu La (14,150') and Ha La (13,950') in heavy rain; despite everyone getting wet, the kit stayed dry and women coolies carried comparable loads.

CONTENT:
92
Berberis lasioclema (41) sp. nov.

30th May. Charithang. A fine day with no rain up to 4.0 p.m. Went
B.7. contd. Yaks up towards the pass, but birds very scarce. Collected some
going out to graze. specimens of Primula Kingii (6/12.40), half a mile above Charithang
Temporary huts on the left going up. They grow in very wet swampy ground.
erected for Pol. Off. Pintsho (the Bhutan Guide) left in the morning for Yatung, taking our post. Another
at Charithang mail reached us today, including a home mail.

31st May. Charithang. Both felt very slack today, so hardly went out
at all. Rain nearly all day. Pintsho returned with mules for our
B.7 all excellent march to Damthang tomorrow, so we packed up all kit & birds.
except butterflies.
Bhutan The mud plain (L.)
1st June. DAMTHANG. (The muddy meadow). 10 miles. An. ht. 10,300'. Map 9750'?
A collection of coolies, male & female, and mules turned up to
B.7. finished. take our transport to Damthang, & they started off at odd times.
Scenes at The last off, with us, left at 7.30. All were in here at 3.0 p.m.,
Charithang except one man who came in at 6.30. It was a lovely
as our transport morning, & we were armed with butterfly nets, besides flower
was leaving. presses & guns. But by the time we reached the Kyu La at
Close ups of types, 11.0, the rain had started. Kyu La is 14150' & a mile
woman carrying further on is the Ha La, 13950'. By then the rain was very
baby; women heavy, & remained so till 2.30. We were all pretty wet
coolies wearing by the time we got in, but the kit was kept pretty
various hats, dry by tarpaulins. Of the coolies, women even seemed to
taking snuff. take nearly the same load, & they came in together. The
B.8. As above ascent is not bad, & between the passes is a dip of
first 35 ft. 500 ft, mostly over stony ground pretty well covered