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SUMMARY:
Notes on Petiolarid primulas, with early flowering in April by P. winteri, P. gracilipes, P. bracteosa, P. filipes, and P. normaniana. The author summarizes collection efforts: 107 gatherings across 44 taxa in 1937 and 95 gatherings in 1949, with monthly breakdowns showing peaks in June and July. A comparative table contrasts monthly totals for 1937 and 1949.

CONTENT:
First are Petiolarids - Denticulate & the like all atrodentata.
P. winteri & gracilipes often coming through the snow.
There is not very much in them, but they cause a show in themselves, especially gracilipes. These flower in April, & with them P. bracteosa & P. filipes, normaniana & others. After them there is a comparative rush. In 1937, I took 107 gatherings of primulas representing 44 species and varieties. Of these 2 were taken in April, 16 gatherings were made in May, 37 in June, 49 in July. In 1949 I have taken 95 gatherings as follows: April 9, May 30, June 31, July 19, August 6.

1937 species 1949
April/May 18 10 39 27
June 37 25 31
July 49 28 19
August 6

SUMMARY:
Checklist of Primula species collected in 1937, with notes on prior collection status and several specimen numbers. Localities mentioned include Chendebi and Tang Chu.

CONTENT:
x not collected in 1936
xx " " " before.
Primulas collected. 1937.

42. P. bracteosa.

1 P. Boothii.
P. erythrocarpa
P. flagellaris
P. sp. nov. Chendebi xx
5 P. strumosa elongata
P. Roylei.
P. macrophylla.
P. glabra.
P. geraniifolia xx
10 P. sp. nov. Tang Chu. xx
P. Hopeana
P. sapphirina x
P. tenella. xx
P. Winteri.
15 P. Boothii high alt. var.
P. pusilla. x
P. Stirtoniana x
P. obliqua. x
P. prenantha? xx
20 P. nivalis dwarf sp.
P. tenuiloba.
P. sikkimensis.
P. Menziesiana xx
P. bellidifolia xx
25 P. atrodentata
P. Griffithii sp. hancini
P. vernicosa.
P. pudibunda 3370
P. sikkimensis var. 3353. xx
30 P. sp. nov. 3366 hancini xx
P. " " 3367 xx
P. " " 3383. xx
P. umbratilis white 3384 xx
P. " blue 3394 xx
35 P. capitata.
P. soldanelloides. x
P. muscoides.
P. obtusifolia Caveana xx
P. Walshii 3413 concinna xx
40 P. Caveana 3410 xx
P. uniflora 3438. x
P. involucrata 3226. x

SUMMARY:
List of Primula specimens with collection numbers and notes on abundance, elevation, and localities across Bhutan in 1949. Mentions collectors identified by initials (B.S, J.H., G.S.) and notes presence or absence around passes and places such as Rip La, Shambling, Tomtom, Sergung La, Takhung, Rudu La, Chenbi Rongang, Dunkhar-Nashima, and Tsampa; notes that some species were not previously collected by L+S.

CONTENT:
xx Never collected by L+S. before.

• .. .. .. in Bhutan ..

Primulas taken 1949

By 18614 P. denticulata. 1 Common all over the country.
B.S 18644 P. bracteosa. 2 Also common on Rip La: Julu: above Shambling:
J.H. 18669 P. filipes? 3xx
G.S. 18673 P. gracilipes 4 v. common near Tomtom.
18675 P. bracteosa v. common at Sergung La beyond Takhung.
18676 P. whitei 5 Not on Rudu La.
18740 P. Normaniana 6
18749 P. filipes 7
18806 P. sp. non mollis 8xx Much more plentiful near Chenbi Rongang.
18809 P. Normaniana
18816 P. mollis Common at Shambling. 6500'-7500'. v. common Dunkhar-Nashima.
18846 P. atrodentata? 9 near atrodentata. No farina. Like No 3636.
18894 P. Hookeri 10 Just before the small pass 2 m E of Rudu La & more W. of the same pass.
18895 P. Calderiana 11
18896 P. elongata. 12 Down steep bit. Along a bit to open where much Calderiana, then common.
18901 P. Smithiana 13
18913 P. geraniifolia 14
18946 P. Barnardoana 15
18947 P. Calderiana All over Tsampa.
18954 P. Calderiana v. alba
18955 P. elongata.
18957 P. atrodentata Everywhere.
18976 P. sikkimensis 16
18981 P. elongata.
19000 A. P. Calderiana
B "
C "

• SUMMARY:
  Notes record film exposures and subjects including Primula bracteosa, P. mollis, P. whitei, Rhododendron ciliatum, and Magnolia, with views from Tumbe La and Kyikyi La and activities in local villages. Entries include altitudes, temperatures, and scenes such as dancers, prize-giving by H.H. and Her H., and a view with Ngudup Namgyel.

CONTENT:
Tumbe La. BP. 189.3" T. 58°. 9.30 am. Ht. 12972'
Gyecha. " 195.4" T. 64° 2.0 pm. " 9525'

B.W. Film Pack. 1–5 Kinga Rapden. G.S. 5. Kodachrome. P. bracteosa.
6 P. bracteosa 18644 view in forest near Tumbe La
7 "
Dev. 1/4. 8 P. mollis. 18669 On Tumbe La to E.
8 oz. pr. 2x Normal. 9 Magnolia. 18648 view with Ngudup Namgyel.
10 P. bracteosa. 18675 View N. to snows from path E of La
11 P. whitei by stream. 18676 P. whitei by stream.
12 Rhod. ciliatum. View from Kyikyi La to Dorukhara
Tumbe La. 11/4

Dufaycolor. 1st batch. 1 P. bracteosa Byakar Dz. 11/4.
G.S. (1) 2 mollis filipes Crab Apple. Bumthang 12/4.
3 bracteosa
4 whitei (without filter)
5 whitei.
6 Rhod. ciliatum.

Kodachrome C.S. 1

• C.S. 2

• C.S. 3.

• C.S. 4
  Bauhinia 3 shrubs 30/3

• Over Wangdi Chu. 1/4

• Namtir village

• H.H. & Her H. giving prizes.
  Boat at Byeti Zam 31/3

• Bauhinias " 1/4

• Arriving K. Rapden. Dancers 4/4

• Coolies on way up to Shampong 31/3

• Mules & coolies 1/4

• Dancers

• Doctoring. 2/4

• Dance at Palace.

• H.H. & Her H's children. 6/4

SUMMARY:
Identifies specimen 2468 as true P. Boothii, with uncertainty about 2984 and 2991. States that 3056, 3162, and 3333 are P. bracteosa, and that seeds sent home in CO2 to Edinburgh were from 3162.

CONTENT:

2468. P. Boothii. This is the true P. Boothii. I do not know
      about 2984 & 2991. 3056, 3162 & 3333 are all of P. bracteosa
      presumably. The seeds sent home in CO2 to Edinburgh
      were of P. bracteosa (3162).

SUMMARY:
Field notes from Gyechar describe an early start aided by two of H.H.'s men and an ascent to Tunk La, with observations of primulas (including P. bracteosa, P. gracilipes, and P. whitei) and changing vegetation with altitude. Weather was fine to cloudy with mist at night, elevations ranged from about 9525' to ~12900', and magpies were seen in the evening.

CONTENT:
which were not in flower. Magnolia campbellii (18648) was a very fine sight indeed, in full bloom, very common. Of primulas we found P. bracteosa (18644) almost over, another I don't think I have seen before, perhaps P. listeri (18669). It is really lovely to get away on the job again. We had a fine day with interesting flowers on the whole. Fine, clouding later, mist at night.

10th April. Gyechar. 10 miles. 195.4. 64°. 2.0 pm. 9525'. There was some rain at night, the day was cloudy with bright intervals. We were very early up & off by 5.45 which was good for our young team. Having two of H.H.'s men helps a great deal. They are good & what's more they are prepared to work. P. bracteosa was very common on the way up, & I took it again in better flower 18675. While taking it, I saw growing with it P. gracilipes 18673, which was very pretty there. P. bracteosa gives place to P. gracilipes above 11500'. Later on, further up, we came across P. whitei 18676, and was common up to the top & much further down this side. I must say I think it one of the best primulas there is. It was markedly short of the usual farina, in fact showed none of the copious farina so usual until we found some quite low down on this side. The path up & down is quite good, & the Tunk La is about 12900' (BP 189.3. 58°. 9.30 am). We made it 5 miles up & 5 down, the east side being easier on the whole. Vegetation changes rapidly. Rhododendron species predominate at the top, & give way suddenly to Tsuga, Picea & Pinus excelsa, the last of which continue down here. I saw two pairs of magpies here this evening, as I've seen them

SUMMARY:
Notes on Codonopsis subsimplex and several Primula species, correcting earlier identifications to P. bracteosa, with collecting of P. Boothii seed and roots and observations on leech altitude. Messages arrived from Domkhar and Bumthang, and the party proceeded 5 miles to Dhomkhar where they received an army reception with bands.

CONTENT:
88

Codonopsis subsimplex 3469
ridge to the north to a hill called on the map Kampojohn 13800'.

P. bhutanica 3468
Close to the pass there is lots of P. Boothii 3468, & I took some seed, & roots. I now see that I was mistaken in thinking the Mara Chu one & the Lamse La one P. Boothii. They must both be P. bracteosa. Further on, we came across a great deal

P. obliqua 3470
of P. obliqua, the yellow form, & also of really magnificent

P. sikkimensis 3471
P. sikkimensis, with very fine flowers, well over 40 in a head. Barring these, there was nothing of much interest. Leeches, I am sorry to say, go up to 13500 in this area, but there were very few.

22nd July. A lovely day, with a strong E wind & big cumulus clouds gradually coming up. We were rather lazy, & only collected & packed roots of P. Boothii today. More people came
presents
up with presents & messages from Domkhar & Bumthang.

To
23rd July. Dhomkhar. 5 miles. BP. 204.8° Temp. 64° Time 5.0pm. Ht. 4000ft
Picea likiangensis 3473
A fine day, with only a little rain in the evening. We started off late, about 6.30 & walked down the first 2 miles, where we were met by a pony & tea. Then on till we were met by the
reception
Army, all dressed up in very smart khaki drill. They played us in with their three bands, a pipe band, fifes & bugles. All were

SUMMARY:
At Chendebi, the diarist notes mostly fine weather, ripe buckwheat being cut, and a white Crawfurdia observed. The party splits: kit sent to Ritang, Pintso to Dungshinggang for taxation inquiries about Nepali sheep, and Tenduk collecting iris seeds near Punzor; plans are made to travel via the Rinchen Chu and Tang Chu. On 4 August, a halt at Chendebi is recorded; Primula seeds are unripe, a plant clump is taken to send by air mail, and Tsongpen goes to collect P. bracteosa roots.

CONTENT:
3rd August. Chendebi. 14 miles. Fine all morning: some rain in the evening.

This is the wettest month in Bhutan, but so far we have been very lucky. At Domkhar there was always rain, but only at night except on two days, when it rained from 11.0 am on, very hard. Since then we have only had afternoon or evening rain. The only interesting thing seen today was a white Crawfurdia 3504 (Tripleurospermum volubile 3504).

Here the buckwheat is ripe and is being cut. Fields of it on the hillside are rather pretty, the colour of bracken in autumn, only rather redder. From here we split up: My kit, except 10 loads, goes off to Ritang tomorrow: Pintso goes off to Dungshinggang in the Mangde Chu valley.

Tenduk is now down at Punzor, collecting, I hope seeds of an iris (Iris 3535), and will return tomorrow. Then he, Tsongpen and I go up the Rinchen Chu and back to Ritang by the Tang Chu, where Pintso will meet us. Pintso goes to find out about the Nepali sheep, how many there are and so on for taxation purposes.

4th August. Halt. Chendebi. Went to have a look at Primula 3052 (P. flagellaris 3052), but the seeds are not yet ripe, and will not be for a month. So I took a lump to carry along with us and send home by air mail. Kit has gone off to Ritang and Pintso to Dungshinggang. Tsongpen has gone to collect roots of P. bracteosa. (Aster sheriffianus approx 4000 3532)

SUMMARY:
The diarist notes a primula identified as P. bracteosa, previously found by Cooper in May 1915, and mentions it is their birthday. Heavy rain, hail, and deep fresh snow halt progress on the S. Ridge of Jirgang Chu, prompting plans to return to Naszi and possibly go via Chandesi; coolies reach camp by 2 pm and Dungshigon is again clouded.

CONTENT:
18

very local. Masses of trees, living and dead, have been blown over, making an awful mess in the small more or less level bit we have chosen. Today's primula must, I think, be P. bracteosa, found by Cooper in May 1915. Today is my birthday.

4th May. Camp on S. Ridge of Jirgang Chu. 10,500'. 2 miles. It started to thunder and rain hard last night, and continued nearly all night, but was clear in the morning. We left at 6:00 but were soon in deep wet fresh snow. I went on for 3 miles, but had to return. The coolies in bare feet could never have got on any further than I had got, that was no use. So here we are, and I fear I must return to Naszi tomorrow. Here I found Bryocarpum himalaicum only 1" up from the ground, so I fear everything will be very late and perhaps it is as well if I try going round by Chandesi to the North.

5th May. Camp same as that of 1st May. 12 miles. A good deal of rain, hail and snow again yesterday evening, but the night was perfectly clear and frosty and the morning lovely for an hour or two before the mist and clouds came down on Dungshigon again. Coolies got in by 2:00 pm, quite good going, as the path was wet and