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SUMMARY:
Steep ascents and descents through dense forest with limited views due to Tsuga and rhododendrons; a Daphne tree in full bloom and a flock of pigeons are noted. Locals bring a fowl, radishes, and milk and prepare a camp; the party crosses TANA LA and HOJA LA to TSAKCHUGONG with glimpses from R. Sanglung to the Gyala Peri range, and the locals are described as Bhutanese and healthier than upper Po-Tsangpo Tibetans.

CONTENT:
Feb. 22. Luculia pinceana 12240. Brassaiopsis karmelane sp. nov. 12244 Rhod. tanastylum 12246. 59

over 8000', then equally steep descent this side. Most of the march was today through dense forest, with some clearings made for cultivation. The pass is on a knife edge ridge, the view from the pass - if one could see it clearly - would be one which we would have to go far to beat. But there are many large Tsuga trees & Rhodos too, which block the view, except in little patches. On the pass we found one Rhodo in flower, one Daphne tree in full bloom. I have never seen the latter before - a tree of 15-18 ft with a trunk about 6" in diam. On the way up we saw one flock of 6 pigeons - the first I remember seeing in Tibet, other than the snow pigeons & the ones on the plateau. Luculia pinceana is common & we found one other Rhodo in bud, just about to flower. Locals came from tomorrow's stage to meet us here & brought a fowl, radishes & milk & prepared a place in thick forest for our tents. There are no houses here, only small level patches in dense forest. Habits as well as looks of locals seem to recall Bhutanese. They are also much healthier than the Tibetans of the Kigong upper Po-Tsangpo, & are stronger & cleaner. There is a very high cliff from the Karmala ridge down to the river, and the river here appears very narrow indeed. There are falls here of perhaps 20 ft.

23rd Feb. TSAKCHUGONG. Another perfect day, with clouds only coming up in the evening. We left at 7.00 am & walked fairly fast to the Pass. But again we could see nothing from the actual pass, owing to trees. The ascent is very steep & long taking about 1 1/2 hours. There are at the top some magnificent Tsuga & pine trees, which I estimate to be over 200 ft high. We saw no flowers at all, but had glimpses of the truly magnificent range here & there - from R. Sanglung to the westernmost of the Gyala Peri range. I took one or two photos with the early morning light, when it was particularly beautiful. The pass is called the TANA LA, & on this side there is a subsidiary pass called the HOJA LA. The Pangyuta of Ward is beside camp in TSAKCHUGONG only over a very small ridge. The locals again are stronger, cleaner & finer men than further up the valley. They are Bhutanese.

SUMMARY:
After an early start, Tasho and his man led the diarist to Codonopsis aff. vinciflora, and there are notes on discussing with HH the organization of medical work in Bhutan, including a hospital at Tongsa and rest houses. On 23 August at Isalunape heavy rains had altered the river and plants were later than in 1937, with the Zimpon improving the lodging. On 24 August at Tahudu the party reached camp early despite washed-out paths, noting large patches of Lilium wallichianum, finding Luculia pinceana, and collecting old seed of Streptocarpus simplex.

CONTENT:
After 6:00 am Tasho rode up the first mile. Here one of his men pointed out Codonopsis 'aff. vinciflora', the one I was looking for when we last passed. It was just where we had been looking, but then it was not in flower, all mixed up in the holly oak foliage. Now we saw about a hundred plants, all just coming into flower, so it must be about a fortnight later this year. Tasho was nicer and showed more life this time. He appears to have been talking to Jigme Dorji about various things in the country - hospital at Tongsa, getting the doctors going, and medicine organised etc. I am going to talk to HH about it all, and see if HH will give Tasho the job of organising all medical work now in Bhutan, also putting the rest houses in order.

23rd August. Isalunape. 5:30 to 10:00. Mist and some rain, but just fine all day. It is obvious that there has been exceedingly heavy rain lately. The river is quite different now and it is over the path in 3-4 places and much discoloured. This certainly seems the wetter month in Bhutan. I notice all plants here are later than in 1937. P. capitata and crispata are just coming into flower now, and in '37 they were in full flower by 12 August. Ceratostigma also is just becoming a fine sight. The Zimpon met me here, and has obviously taken great trouble to make this place better than before. Beds are made, curtains hanging (!) and all sorts of improvements. All I'm afraid of are fleas and bugs.

24th August. Tahudu. Fine most of the day, but misty and damp. There has been terrific rain everywhere lately, and the path is washed away in very many places. We were all in camp by 2:45 or 3, after 5:15 start. The only interesting things were the sight, across the valley here, of 2 patches of each of about 100 Lilium wallichianum. And I found Luculia pinceana. It is a beautiful tree, with very fine big flowers. Got (old) seed of Streptocarpus simplex.

SUMMARY:
Hunting continues and a Kalij is taken; tensions erupt between the Loto and Lome headmen, causing fights among coolies until Thompson calms the situation. The party travels toward Lubong and then Dzama in perfect weather, noting pine forests, landslides, seeds of Gaultheria, and views toward Gyala Peri and Namcha Barwa from near the Karma La.

CONTENT:
Hunting goes on here; one is constantly hearing the sound of a gun. I got one of Kalij this afternoon. There are two districts in this part of the Po Tsangpo below Trulung—Loto and Lome, divided at Dzama, each having a headman.

21st Feb. LUBONG 5 1/2 m. The day started badly. Some coolies came early, some did not come. The headman of Loto, who was in charge, started cursing the coolies of the Lome headman and hit one. This started a regular fight with fists and sticks and a hell of a noise. We eventually got off, the headman staying behind shouting at everyone. He caught us up later, saying 3 men were after him with knives. But the trouble seemed to have settled till we got here, when it flared up again between the two headmen, who tried to throttle each other. Thompson did good work in quieting them down. The day was good, and the views fine. But we badly want a clear day tomorrow, as from the Karma La, both Gyala Peri and Namcha Barwa are visible, I'm told. It looks promising for tomorrow at present. We got seed of two Gaultherias, one with white fruit, locally called Sülü, which we have not seen before. The people here are nice, but the day has been somewhat spoilt by this awful row going on all the time. There is still very little to see of flowers of any kind, and I don't think we will get much either. Mostly the path is through pine forest, and there have been many landslides on both sides of the river. We saw a few Luculia trees, perhaps Luculia Pinceana, but in unripe fruit. From about 300' above camp, two very high snow mountains appear, one at bearing approx 170° (Namcha Barwa?) the other at approx 205° (Gyala Peri?). In the evening the headmen's quarrel was made up, and both were perfectly happy together. I prefer the Lome headman, who takes us on from tomorrow.

22nd Feb. Dzama Left at 7.15. In at 1.30. A perfect day. Cold at night, but not a cloud all day, and the views astonishingly lovely. This is no easy route, but one well worth coming, especially if one gets weather like we are now having. It is absolutely perfect. Both of us are tired this evening, after the very steep ascent to the Karma La, which is a little

SUMMARY:
Route-based notes list stages and passes from Kyikyi La and Yuto La through Tongsa, Tashiling, Chendebi, Ritang, Wangdupotrang, S'gang, and Hing Lai La, with instructions on seeds to collect. Plants noted include Rhod. ciliatum, Notholirion macrophyllum, Primula spp., Lil. nepalense, Lil. wallichianum, Clematis, Gaultheria, Streptopus, Smilacina, Buddleia, Codonopsis purpurea, Luculia Pinceana, Morina, and Adenophora, with site notes such as cliffs, passes, and landslides.

CONTENT:
Seed to be collected Tongsa Dz. to Ha.

Kyikyi La - Rhod. ciliatum ✓ Notholirion macrophyllum X Thalictrum sp. 19544 ✓
Yuto La. Clematis sp. Gaultheria Streptopus Smilacina. Buddleia about 2 m from Tongsa.
Tongsa - Tashiling. Codonopsis purpurea .19558. Lil. wall. 19559 / aff Primula 19561. White rose. red creeper. Luculia Pinceana. Ludlow's white tree.
Tashiling - Chendebi. aff Primula red ✓ Rhod. arboreum. P. haycockii ✓
Chendebi - Ritang. Lil. nepalense - Dicentra on cliffs 2 m above Chend. Adenophora on steep ground where lily was in '37.
✓ aff Primula on trees W of pass. Notholirion on rock with L. nepalense where first seen.
Ritang - Wangdupotrang. Small plant on cliff where landslide in 19579 Morina ✓ 19581. On pass Ritang side.
Ritang - S'gang. Lil. nepalense ✓
S'gang - W'trang. nil. ✓
W - Hing Lai La. Saccate tube? Thalictrum opp camp. Lil. wallichianum bulbs ✓
H.L.L. - T

SUMMARY:
Notes record seeds sent via Tashi to Ha on 21.8., and plant collections/observations along routes between W' phodrang, Tsalimape, Pyimitangha, and Paro. Species noted include Astilbe, Campanula, Cotoneaster, Ceratostigma, Clematis, Anemone japonica, Polygonum wallichii, Luculia pinceana, Saxifraga, and Codonopsis. MK is mentioned as having met the party.

CONTENT:
115

Seed sent Tashi to Ha on 21.8. 19613 Podocarpum himalaicum
19280 Streptopus simplex

Pyimitangha to Paro. Seed of big white Astilbe. } where MK met us.
✓ purplered "
yellow Saxifraga near top L side 1/4 m down
Codonopsis

Tsalimape to Pyimitangha. ✓ Campanula. all open steep earth bank.
✓ Cotoneaster. 19632
X many colored shrubs R bank river below 3rd br.
✓ Ceratostigma 1st village.
X Red Clematis upper ruined village below Pyi.
✓ Anemone japonica between 2 ruined villages ...
W' phodrang to Tsalimape. ✓ Polygonum wallichii opp Tahudu.
X Luculia pinceana 1/2 m above "
✓ Red Clematis 2nd clearing beyond S/G bridge R bank