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SUMMARY:
At around 14,000 ft the party camps on Yuto La, noting changing weather, a nearby water-turned prayer wheel tended by an elderly woman, and botanical work including primulas and seed collections. A man delivers biscuits and mangoes, the latter sent by Tobgye to HH by express runners. The following day is a halt with rain.

CONTENT:
82

from Calcutta, not a thing remained when he got back home.
It really is a rotten system this present giving one, but it
seems very well established. Outside the window is a huge
water-turned prayer wheel. Beside it sits a woman acquiring as
much merit as possible. She sits by the door of the wheel house; in
one hand she is turning a prayer wheel, while she turns her beads over
in the other. She must feel that she is very old indeed.

Up to 14,000 ft.
20th July. Yuto La. 9 miles. BP. Temp. Time Ht. More or
less fine till the evening. Camp actually on the pass, hope to see
to N-S during the next two days. One primula is still in
flower here, No 3465 (P. smithiana 3465 - see 12th June), which we took before in the Longto Chu,
3250 (P. sikkimensis 3250). I got a fair amount of seed from some taken pretty low
down, where the lowest of often 6 whorls were ripe (Geranium 3466). The next
few days are more and more going to be a trial (Clematis 3467). On the pass a
man was waiting patiently for me, with a basket of biscuits
& another of mangoes! The latter are sent by Tobgye to HH by
express runners (Presents). It is a very kind thought, but an awful waste
of money, especially on me, as I don't particularly care for them.

Yuto La Camp.
21st July. Halt. Thunder again last evening. Fine for an hour or
two this morning, then rain most of the day. We went up the

SUMMARY:
At Yume, the diarist notes wet, misty conditions, sparse flowering, and prominent rhododendron, pays off the coolies, and arranges horses to Sangacholing. The following day, during a halt, the diarist and Tsungpen follow the Yume Chu on a difficult, muddy route through dense jungle and see little in flower.

CONTENT:
we merely go down 1½ m to Yume, where I will halt a day I think.

25th June. Yume. 1½ m. 11800'. Wet in the morning and misty all day. There is not so much out here as I had hoped. A Gentian stylophora was seen, a clematis one or two small flowers. The plain here is full of the yellow rhododendron, and where there are meadows, there are masses of P. sikkimensis and of P? a candelabra with pale wine red flowers. A good many have white flowers. I have not been out yet, but do not expect to find a great deal.

Paid off the coolies at the rate of 2 shoogon per day's march and 1 per halt. All have gone, and horses are arranged from here to Sangacholing. Fine for most of the afternoon, but hills always in mist.

26th June. Halt. Tsungpen and I went down the Yume Chu for 4 miles or so along what was called a good road. It wasn't bad for a mile or two, but was then either in the river, along the edge, or in the mud. The jungle was far too dense for there to be many flowers: mostly bamboo with some cypress and fir and evergreen trees. Saw nothing.

SUMMARY:
Notes prolific flowering and collections including a new primula (P. jaffreyana 2257), an iris (2251), Incarvillea lutea (2252), and Thalictrum chelidonii. Reports shortage of drying paper, and mail issues: the runner found no mail at Tsona but had a chit from the Dzongpen; outgoing mail was forwarded by the Dzongpen and more is to be sent via Chayul.

CONTENT:
Rhod. sanguineum 1881, R. campylogynum 1882, forrestii var. repens 1883.
Diapensia himalaica 1884, Prim. valentiana 1885. P. Elizabethae 1886 sp. nov.
Omphalogramma bathysepala sp. nov. 1887

...see how much more prolific the flowers were on this side. The most interesting things were a new primula P. jaffreyana 2257. Common to quite low down. A beautiful iris 2251, which I think is near the K.W.'s Karta iris, a queer lily-like affair 2252 (Incarvillea lutea), I don't know what it is.

Thalictrum chelidonii was in flower about halfway here, beautiful as ever. There were also a number of shrubs in flower too. Altogether yesterday I collected 20 different species. Now I have no paper left to put the dried flowers in. No mail turned up, but the runner is there. He found no mail in Tsona. We thought he was doing us down, but he had a chit from the Dzongpen which shows he was alright. Our last outgoing mail was still lying there, but both were sent on by the Dzongpen.

30th June. Halt. Sanga Choling. Another perfect day. Packed up mail to send off tomorrow via Chayul. Packed up as many dried flowers as possible, but have no paper; with this confounded tamasha going on, I cannot get hold of anyone. I now only have about 80 sheets of drying paper to play about with, which is...

[Marginal Notes:]
P. jaffreyana 2257
Iris decora 2251
Thalictrum 2253
Meconopsis 2256
Jeffreyana 2257
Tibetica 2258
Dracocephalum 2255
Primula 2255
Rosa macrophylla var. farreri 2259
Gentiana 2249
Cryptantha 2250
Clematis 2254
Gentiana tibetica 2258
Jasminum officinale 2261

SUMMARY:
Entries for January 6–9 describe a snowy halt, peak angle measurements from a Dzong, and marches to Layoting and Camp Namdi. The writer disputes Ward and Bailey on the visibility of Gyala Peri, notes friendly villages, a nearby peak Gelung Jokpo, forests transitioning from pine to dense broadleaf, and observations of birds, clematis, and abundant Lilium giganteum.

CONTENT:
letters. He says he will arrive in about 22 days. Our own next mail will not leave here for 7 or 8 weeks or so until we reach India in 3 months from now, so this is worth while.

Jan 6th & 7th Halt. Snowed night of 6-7th then cleared up to a beautiful day. On 7th I took the angles to peaks from the Dzong. They are: - to left-hand peak 114° : to two peaks in centre 132° to big right-hand nearest peak 150°. I disagree with Ward's identification of Gyala Peri. Everyone in Tongkyuk says it cannot be seen from Tongkyuk.

Jan 8th LAYOTING. 9 miles. A good fine day. Left at 10.0 got in at 3.30. Road good mostly fit for loaded animals. At mile 2 from the bridge pass village of DABLA, about 4 houses. Layoting has about 12 houses. People here very friendly. From here a fine snow peak with cut top lies to the South up a bleak looking valley in which are said to be many 'takin', locally called CHIMNYA. There is a sling or cane bridge over to this valley. The peak at the head of the valley is called GELUNG JOKPO. From down near the river, Gyala Peri can be seen in the distance. Forest is first almost entirely pine, then changes to pretty dense mixture of pine, holly oak & shrubs.

Jan 9th Camp NAMDI. On the whole the road was uninteresting. It keeps beside the river all the way till about 1 mile from camp. As soon as it left the river & went up a bit to the forest, we found many things of interest, both birds & flowers. The change was most marked. At camp the forest is dense, evergreen broadleaf & shrubs. Bailey mentions that Gyala Peri is visible at the head of the Netrang Chu, but in this I think he is wrong. The peak seen there is very close indeed. I took a photo of it. It lies almost due S of the Netrang Chu junction with the Tongkyuk Chu. At camp we found three clematis in seed, the flowers of two were seen later on. There is a great deal of Lilium giganteum in this forest from here on.

SUMMARY:
Page lists Kodachrome photograph subjects and specimen numbers from late April, including Poplanthus near Shoka, Rhododendron anthopogon at Miling, apple/pear “Nyete,” Clematis, and scenes near Gacha and in pine forest. Mentions a Ptopa woman and Betty with a Lopa individual at Nagu Bridge.

CONTENT:
Kodachrome 23.
Poplanthus shrubs near Shoka 22/4.
Rhod. vellereum No. 12393. 22/4.
Ptopa woman with boots in hand & snuffbox of umbrella handle. 22/4
Types at Tungdo. 23/4.

24.
Betty with Lopa halfcaste. Nagu Bridge 23/4
Rhododendron anthopogon No. 12397 Miling 23/4.
Apple blossom. Yusum 12399 24/4.
Clematis No. 12404 25/4
Apple or pear "Nyete". 12402 25/4

25.
Apple or Pear. Lilung. (nyete) 25/4 No 12402 into pink box -
Village & poplar W of Gacha. 27/4
Young poplars upper leaves. 27/4
Scene in pine forest 27/4.

1/4 pl. 25/4
1 & 2 Poplanthus.
3 Nyete No 12402
4 Village near Gacha

SUMMARY:
After leaving Nagu, a cook’s fire set a hollow willow ablaze at night, forcing tents to be moved. On 25 April at Lilung, the party began using new mule transport and collected several plants, including a clematis, a white Buddleia variant, and an apple/pear (Nyete) near Temshung east of Simbiteng; a local was asked to collect seed for Ludlow, and a cushion Androsace was noted.

CONTENT:
soon dressed. All that took up time and left Nagu at 1.0pm. Then on all was well but it was a long day. A slight hitch added to our troubles at night. The cook lit a fire under a big willow. The roots of it all caught fire suddenly there was a roar as flames shot out of the top of two large branches about 1 1/2' diam, some 10 feet up the tree. They were hollow & acted as chimneys, for there was a tearing wind blowing, the sight was quite a good one. Of course the tree was doomed, & fell about 1.0 am. Tents had to be moved because of this, but we did this when the thing started.

25 April. Lilung. Our first fine day, & a good day too as we set off with our new mule transport which came along very well indeed. We also found rather more flowers. There are not many but at least we saw some. A clematis (12404) is in flower in several places. I imagine they are all the same, usually white. But the one I took was bright madder pink & very pretty. Another colour variation taken was a pure white edition of the purple Buddleia (12401). The prettiest thing taken is an apple - or pear perhaps - No 12402 - which the locals call Nyete. It was growing at a village called Temshung, 1 m. to the E of Simbiteng. I saw it here also, close to the houses of Lilung, & have warned a local to collect seed for Ludlow. It is very fine, white, but pink in bud, & showing big trusses of about 20 flowers together. The only other find was the small cushion Androsace (Brachystelma?) which grows so commonly here & on the Potrang & Kongbo Nga Las. It is a joy to have mules which go well, & which will carry us for 11 days without any change at all. The muleteers also seem good men.

SUMMARY:
Notebook list of Kodachrome photographs showing Clematis, Berberis, Prunus, and Primula, along with scenes including mules, a Mani wall, a monastery, and tsampa-making. Locations mentioned include Nye and Kongbongala, with entries dated across late April.

CONTENT:
88

Kodachrome 26.
Clematis white, blue sky. 27/4.
Mules on path near cliff 28/4.
" " against sky 28/4.
Clematis in mass at stream 28/4.

27.
Clematis in mass at stream & closer up 28/4.
Berberis & Clematis together 28/4.
Prunus close up. 12423 29/4.
Mani wall near Nye. 30/4.
Monastery " Nye 30/4.

28
Monastery Nye with white poplars 30/4
Making Tsampa at Nye 30/4.
Sophora sp. 12424. "
Prunus sp at Kongbongala. 12426 "
Primula atrodentata. "

SUMMARY:
Notes of Kodachrome, Dufaycolour and B.W. photographs of Primula, Rhododendron, Enkianthus, Clematis, Saxifraga, and landscape subjects across late May 1949. Mentions sending Dufay films 5 and 6 from Tang on 19/05/1949 and includes scenes such as an old man at Ngang Lhakang, rain on rose leaves, a river below Pang Sang, and a view towards Kankar Punsum from Pangotang.

CONTENT: Kodachrome G.S. 9 Dufaycolour 6
Rhod. rhabdotum 18877. 17/5. 1 Rhod. glaucum 18887 18/5.
Rhod. glaucum 18887 18/5. 2 Prim. Roylei 18895 18/5.
Prim. Roylei 18895 18/5. 3 Prim. elongata 18896 18/5.
Prim. elongata 18896 18/5. 4 Rhod. Thomsonii 18/5.
Rhod. Thomsonii against light 18/5. 5 } not exposed.
Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5. 6 }
Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. Dufay 5 & 6 sent off 19/5/49 Tang
Old man at Ngang Lhakang. 21/5.

Dufaycolour 7
1 Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5.
2 Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. B.W. 5. 3 Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5.
1 Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5. 4 Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. 24/5.
2 Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. 5 Rhod. campanulatum 25/5.
3 Old man at Ngang Lhakang 21/5. 6 Saxifraga 18972 26/5.
4 Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5.
5 Rain drops on rose leaves. 23/5.
6 River below Pang Sang. 25/5.
7 Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. 24/5.
8 View up to Kankar Punsum from Pangotang. 24/5.
9 Rhod. campanulatum or Wallichii 25/5.
10 Saxifraga 18972 Pangotang 26/5.
11 P. Calderiana white form. 27/5.
12 Rhod. Wightii? (18998) & elongata 28/5.
Batemanii

SUMMARY:
Brief entries list Kodachrome and field observations dated 22–28 May, including Papilio machaon, Enkianthus, Clematis, Rhododendron, Saxifraga, and Primula, with notes from Snasjetang, Pangotang, Waitang, and an upstream trip to Kankarpunsum from Pangotang. An item numbered 9010 was sent on 1 June 1949.

CONTENT:
51

Kodachrome 10.
Papilio machaon. Snasjetang 22/5
Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5
Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. (2) 24/5
Upstream to Kankarpunsum from Pangotang: 24/5
Rhod. campanulatum Pangotang 25/5
Saxifraga yellow .. 18972 26/5
Primula calderiana white form, above Pangotang 27/5
" " mixtures. Waitang 28/5
" " " " 19000 ABC " 28/5

9010 sent 1/6/49

SUMMARY:
Notes list seed needs and collections with specimen numbers and plant observations (e.g., Meconopsis, Primula, Notholirion) from areas including Tongsa Chu valley, Bumthang, Kyikyi La, Yuto La, and Tongsa-Tashiling. Mentions locations such as a cliff below Mandating and a Yakherd hut, with additional observations near camp.

CONTENT:
Seed wanted from Tongsa Chu valley. From Bumthang
19437 Meconopsis bella cliff below Mandating. Clematis big.
19439 White Androsace. just below there. Honeysuckle " x
19441 ? pink striped flower " Briggsia yellow on trees. x
Notholirion hyacinthinum. at Yakherd hut. Podocarpum. x
19447 Primula geraniifolia
19464 " hopeana - some with red tube.
Fine big Polygonum just beside them.
19467 Big thistle.
Meconopsis horridula.
" sinuata.
19469 Primula pusilla
? glabra.
Anemone rupicola.
Meconopsis horridula.
" sinuata
" bella
Thistle big white.
Iris blue.
19490 Lily x x x
19494 Polygonum fine big flowers. behind rhodo scrub in clearing.
19484 Geranium big flowered same clearing.
19498 Notholirion macrophyllum.
Yellow orchid on rock 100x before camp R side.

Seed from Kyikyi La. Rhododendron ciliatum. Notholirion macrophyllum, Thalictrum chelidonii. 19544.
Yuto La. Big clematis Gaultheria, Streptopus, Smilacina oleracea,
Tongsa-Tashiling. Codonopsis purpurea. Lily. alt. Briggsia White rose

19558. 19559. 19561.