SUMMARY:
Arrival by the 14th with rain and hail, then days at Dewangiri spent unpacking, sorting stores, bird collecting, and using the wireless. Lumsden began treating local people, and Tobgye visited bringing mail with the Trashigang Jongpen.

CONTENT:
3

there, and stayed an hour or two with them. Then up here at
about 2.30 pm on 14th - with no troubles since we left
Kashmir. It was fine to here, but we had some rain
and hail in the evening.

15th Feb. Dewangiri. Spent the day unpacking and sorting
stores. Rain and hail in afternoon. Tried the wireless in
the evening, but for little result.

16th Feb. Halt. There are no flowers out here at all, and
from my point of view, it is a poor place. But we want
some birds and collected 20 today. Lumsden is quite happy
I think and has started treating people already, though
few have come in. One man had an awful abscess
on his foot, but after one dressing went off down to the
Mela. The wireless was much better and after 8.0 pm
was really good, but there are storms all round which
spoil any music coming through.

17th Halt. Tobgye came up today. It is very nice to
see him again, just his usual cheery self. He brought
up some mail, and came with the Trashigang Jongpen.

SUMMARY:
At dawn the party observed several skeins of Greylag Geese passing their ridge and heading north toward the Chungkar range and the Tibetan plateau; in the evening they tuned in to Indian and Scottish reels before turning in early. On the Deo Chu below the first river crossing they encountered a large Bhutanese encampment where lac from East Bhutan was being bought by Tobgye's agents and sent to Calcutta, noting beeswax and an altitude of about 2000 feet.

CONTENT:
L. p. 8 - At about 7 am. we saw 4 skeins of Greylag Geese pass over the ridge on which we were encamped. One skein was so low as to be almost within gunshot. After crossing the ridge they rapidly gained altitude & we watched them through glasses heading due north towards the Chungkar range. We calculated that in 3 hours at the most they would have crossed the main range & be over the Tibetan plateau.

L. p. 9 Listened in to the Indian & Scottish Reel music in the evening, but we were so tired by half ten, when Delhi was ready, except to note that we gave it up & went to bed. We have our own daylight saving time on trek - up at dawn or thereabouts & in bed a couple of hours after dusk.

Ludlow 8-9 On the Deo Chu, just below the first crossing of the River we came across a large Bhutanese encampment where the lac brought down from various parts of East Bhutan is bought from the people by Tobgye's agents & despatched to Calcutta. Some good beeswax also noted. The altitude 2000'

SUMMARY:
The writer notes extensive cultivation in the Ha-chu valley of Bhutan and few interesting finds, recording Fumaria (1160, 1161) and Gentiana capitata (1127). The Dzongpen reports a fast message from Calcutta warning of an impending earthquake amid widespread rumors. A grand magnolia in bloom is noted beyond Shungphu on the Hira Road, and two kalij pheasants are shot.

CONTENT:
16

mornings, clouds very soon appear later on and by midday
are all over the sky. I found nothing of any
interest up here. Most of the country is cultivated: there
is more extensive cultivation in this valley (Ha-chu)
than any other part of Bhutan. Two Fumariaceae were
Fumaria 1160, 1161; Gentiana capitata 1127: 1160 and 1161, both a dull pinkish colour. Gentian 1127 also is
out in many places. The Dzongpen said he had a
special message sent up fast, from Calcutta, to say that
there would be a bad earthquake up here. This is the
day worked out for it. The papers also say Calcutta is
full of rumours about an earthquake, and people are so
ready to believe it all that many have even left
Calcutta. When I was out this evening I found a
Mag. campbellii 1164: grand magnolia tree in full bloom (1164). I have no book
giving descriptions of magnolia and cannot say what it is.
It is about a mile beyond Shungphu on the Hira Road,
on the left at the edge of the thick evergreen forest. On
my way back, I put up 6 kalij and shot a couple of
them - a hen and a cock. The hen bird was a fine
specimen with a good crest, nearly as long as the

SUMMARY:
Notes list characteristic birds of Chayal Dzong with distribution observations across the Tsangpo and nearby regions. Locality records include sightings at Trimo (April 1936) and Keupup, Sikkim (Feb. 1938), with mentions of areas such as Subansiri, Gyamda Chu, and Tsari.

CONTENT:
Ludlow Ibis 45-46
Characteristic birds of Chayal Dzong

Corvus corax tibetanus The Tibetan Raven - Ibis 65
Was seen everywhere north of the main range
but was decidedly scarce in the lower reaches of
the Tsangpo below Lilung.
Seen twice south of the main range
(a) at Trimo in the Nyam Jang Chu valley
at the foot of the Poda in April 1936
(b) at Keupup in Sikkim at the foot of the Jelep La in Feb. 1938
Often seen with the Jungle-Crow.

Pica pica bottanensis Tibetan Magpie. - Ibis 65

Trochalopteron henrici Prince Henri's Laughing Thrush. Ibis 77

Parus major tibetanus - Tit
Very common indeed all down the Tsangpo valley. Ibis 67

Prunella rubeculoides rubeculoides - everywhere on the Tibetan Plateau Ibis 192

Phylloscopus affinis Willow Warbler. Ibis 197-198.
Occurs all down the Tsangpo as far as Gyala in the Gorge, carefully
avoiding forest, keeping to low scrub growing on the sandy banks
of the river.

Propasser pulcherrimus waltoni Rose Finch. Ibis 352.
Abundant in the upper reaches of the Subansiri & all down the Tsangpo
from Tsetang to Gyala in the Gorge north of the main range common
also up the Gyamda Chu. Undoubtedly the commonest Rose Finch in SE Tibet
most plentiful at the lower elevations especially in the semi-dry areas where
the hill-sides are covered with Quercus ilex.

Carpodacus rubicilloides lucifer Ibis 353
Common bird in the arid parts of Tibet, especially where there are buckthorn thickets
Common in the Tsangpo Valley as far as Lhagyari but not noticed east of
this locality, though it doubtless occurs as far as Nang Dzong.

Perdix hodgsoniae hodgsoniae Tibetan Partridge. Ibis 384.
Seen near Tsong & down the Chayal Chu as far as Chayal Dzong.
Occurred on the Cha La & Bimbi La in Tsari & at Shira above Sanga Chöling

L Describe avifauna Ibis 46

SUMMARY:
Describes a riverside march with bridges and a near-vertical ladder en route to Trum, comparing the terrain to Baltistan and noting local trees and flowering plants. Records a subsequent march to Natrampa with fine conditions, noted as interesting for Ludlow and the writer.

CONTENT:
narrow cantilever bridge to the left bank. The bridge is a little higher up than it was in Bailey's time, and avoids the 400' ascent and descent he mentions. Cross the bridge at mile 4 and down left bank for 1/2 mile where a gorge comes in. Here there is a 30 ft ladder, almost vertical, perched on a column of stones, well built and strong. The path winds up a little above this, and gradually down to the river side. Cross to right bank by a bridge, often washed away, at mile 6. Proceed close to the river through shrubbery and cultivation to Trum, a small village at mile 7. An interesting march, which reminds one very much of Baltistan with the path on jaharies and with ladders. Gorges of the river are pretty narrow, and the side valleys come through absolute slits, only a few feet wide. Above us the hillside is covered with pine 1344 (Pinus tabulaeformis) and fir 1345 (Picea spinulosa), with a good deal of juniper. Nothing much yet in the way of flowers, but a rhododendron 1342 (Rhododendron vellereum) and some interesting ferns, especially 1340 (Pteris dactylina). Gooseberries are here in plenty, just over the flowering stage. Trees are mostly peach, willow and poplar, with buckthorn and other scrub.

26th April. To Natrampa. 7 miles. BP 19.47 Temp. 52 Time 4.30 Approx height 10247'.
Fine. A most interesting day for both Ludlow and myself.

SUMMARY:
Notes from Natrampa dated April 29 list Rhododendron taxa with associated regional distributions and numbers. Several entries note possible new species (sp. nov.) alongside areas such as Yunn., S.E.T., Burm.-Tib. frontier, Assam, Sik., Bhut., Tibet, and India N.E. Frontier.

CONTENT:
Natrampa
April 29.

Rhododendrons
Yunn. S.E.T., Burm.-Tib. frontier - neriiflorum 1352
Assam. Tib. Burm.-Tib. frontier triflorum 1353
Sik. Bhut. 8582b cinnabarinum var.
Var. no. purpurellum 1354
Sik. Bhut. 8581b. glaucophyllum 1355
Sik. Bhut. 8582b cephalanthum 1356
Yunn. S.E.T. Burm. Ass. 8580. fulvum 1357
Yunn. S.E. Tibet. India N.E. Frontier. arizelum 1358
sp. nov. - populare 1359
sp. nov. dekatanum 1360
Yunn. Tib. Ass. Burm. megeratum 1361
Sik. Tib. pumilum? 1362
S.E.T. Bhut. tsariense 1364
sp. no. amandum 1365
Sik. Bhut. virgatum 1366

196.1 65. 8490
1.0733
8490
59430
26470
265
9113.42

SUMMARY:
The diarist ascended the Na La through forest and traversed to the Pang La while traveling toward Tso Kar, searching for flowers and birds. Notes include observations of Heteroxenicus stellatus breeding among alpine rocks and a sighting of Snow Cock Pheasant (Tetraophasis szechenyii) across a wide elevational range.

CONTENT:
Migyitun

Ludlow page 104. Went up the Na La and Pang La, 2 passes Migyitun 30 August
on the road to the Tso Kar (Lake of the sacred one) which
is a place of pilgrimage. The Na La involved an ascent Primula verrucosa var. violacea
of some 3000 feet and led, as its name indicates, through forest. 1734, 1742.
On reaching the summit of the Na La I made a circuit flabellifera 1737
round to the Pang La in search of flowers and birds. macrocarpa 1743
Got 3 specimens of Heteroxenicus stellatus stellatus Paraquilegia anemonoides
Gould's Short-wing which has been found in East Nepal, 1744
Sikkim and Bhutan. This species extends its range still Meconopsis simplicifolia 1735
further eastwards. A common bird. Different from Rhododendron pumilum 1741
other Short-wings in not being a skulker. Although Caltha palustris 1745
it inhabits dense rhododendron and bamboo growth, it does not
shun observation and will ascend to the tops of bushes
to gaze at an intruder in a most confidential manner.
The 2 were shot in - wherever there are rocks and boulders in
the alpine zone, far away from all shrub growth. And
the birds were breeding amidst these surroundings.
--- shot on the next day ---
Also saw Snow Cock Pheasant Tetraophasis szechenyii - Ludlow 383
A common bird in Southeast Tibet. Found at all elevations between
11-15000 feet. Lives in fir forest and also inhabits Rhododendron scrub
in the alpine zone. - Specimen of Szechenyii 383.

SUMMARY:
The diarist describes finding Paraquilegia like the Kashmir flower, coping with inquisitive locals while praising Ahmad Sheikh’s patience, and taking flower photographs with notes on shutter speeds; a coolie is noted for not stealing a cash box. On 17th July at Tsong, the Dzongpens requested portraits and four colour photographs were taken and copies sent.

CONTENT:
Paraquilegia anemonoides 678

Here we found Paraquilegia. It is just like the Kashmir flower but bigger - a perfect beauty. The inquisitiveness of the local is almost unbearable, and Ahmad Sheikh etc. get full marks for keeping their tempers. No sooner is anything put down in the cookhouse, than someone tries to take it up, handle it thoroughly and discuss it with others. I don't think anything would ever be stolen. If he had wanted to, one of the coolies from Tawang to Shao could have stolen the box with Rs 1800 cash in it. He was out all night by himself, not arriving till 6:00 next morning, and he knew what was in the box. Took some photos of flowers this morning. The flowers were all old ones, collected two days ago, so were in poor condition. I find that 1/10 and 1/15 sec is not enough here in the midday sun - nearer 1/20 would be correct. The Dzongpens have asked to be taken now in all their fine colours, and I am glad to do so, as I want a colour photo of them.

17th July. Halt at Tsong. A perfect day. After a cold night, there was ground mist, which cleared away by 7:00 am. The rest of the day was clear. The Dzongpens came at 10:00 and I took four excellent colour photos of them, one each of which I have sent them. They were frightfully pleased to

Diapensia himalaica 679
Prim tibetica 680
Paraquilegia anemonoides

SUMMARY:
At Tsona the party photographed locals and shared biscuits and ginger. Ludlow collected 30 Colias butterflies while the writer obtained a horned lark and noted abundant Paraquilegia; they also exchanged rupees to tankas and arranged cheap transport. Gifts including gloves, a papier-mâché bowl, Kashmir tweed, Bhutanese cloth, and saffron were gratefully received.

CONTENT:
30

have their photos taken, and would cheerfully have sat
Cine No 2 for hours for them. We gave them some of our
finished at luxuries - chocolate biscuits, ginger etc. They
Tsona - seemed thoroughly happy. Then Ludlow went out
with a butterfly net and walking stick gun for three
hours. He shot nothing as the gun seems pretty
useless over 10 yards. But he caught 30 colias
butterflies, which will certainly be very good.
Cinema I went out at 1.30 and returned at four. Got a
No 3 c. good horned lark and one flower. There are very
All at few flowers here, but Paraquilegia is finer than
Tsona I've seen anywhere. On the rocks north of camp
Flower box are dozens of clumps, some nearly 2 ft across.
On servant At Tawang we were unable to get our rupees
changed to tankas. But here we have changed
Rs 200 @ 10 tankas. The rate given is not
Contax No 3 too good. But transport here is very cheap.
finished at Pimbo arranged to hire at 2/3 tanka per load.
Tsona Yesterday we gave our presents: 1 pr gloves,
a silver lined papier-mâché bowl, a length of
Kashmir tweed, a piece of Bhutanese cloth and
some saffron. The saffron caused great
excitement, as it is very good and quite unobtainable
here. They were quite thrilled with everything.

SUMMARY:
Notes from Tulung La pass describe harsh weather, sparse flowers on unstable shale, and a notable Meconopsis (bella, 708), with a sighting and attempted stalk of six bharal. At Longur there are acres of primulas, and on 23 July the party travels to Mago (Dyuri) in showery conditions, recording temperature, elevation, and abundant primulas along the route.

CONTENT:
37

Tulung La 22nd July pass.
Anemone rupicola 704
Primula sikkimensis 705
Primula bellidifolia 707
Meconopsis bella 708
With rain, mist, and wind, it was chilly up there. On the North side we saw 6 burhel, which I stalked. But we had only a 12-bore with lethal bullets, and I missed at 70 yards four times. Flowers we thought would be profuse, but the hillside is almost continually on the move, shale gradually falling down to the river bed, and everything gets covered with it. The most interesting flower was a new Meconopsis (708) [Meconopsis bella (708)], a pretty little thing, which we thought at a distance to be Paraquilegia.

NB: Here at Longur there are again acres of primulas, white and yellow—a wonderful sight.

184 23rd July. To MAGO (DYURI) 9 3/4 miles. B.P. 191.7° Temp. 53° = Corr. ht. 11350'. Again rather a disappointing day. After a clear night, it rained till noon then cleared up till 2.0 pm.
Primula tibetica (Sikkim?)
We walked through masses of primulas for several miles today. One would think that there should be plenty of flowers in that case. So there