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• the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes.

• any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism

• The precise number of chromosomes typical for a given species. In any given asexually reproducing species, the chromosome number is always the same.

• a plant genus in the Rubiacae famil, mostly trees, native to the Andes of South America. The bark of some species contains quinine and is useful against malaria.

• A genus of perennial, chiefly climbing shrubs of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) with about 370 species distributed over most of the world, especially in Asia and North America. Many species are cultivated in North America for their attractive flowers. The flowers may be solitary or in large clusters. The many fruits are conspicuous because of their persistent styles; they occur in spherical groups. The leaves are opposite, individually stalked, and compound—i.e., have several parts.

Use for: Ethnic costume, Clothes, costume, dress

Use for: Coniferae

• any member of the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, order Pinales, made up of living and fossil gymnospermous plants that usually have needle-shaped evergreen leaves and seeds attached to the scales of a woody bracted cone.

• an armed police force organized on military lines but distinct from the regular army