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SUMMARY:
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SUMMARY:
Halted at Pangotang due to persistent rain while Pasang and Mundon went to Kantanang for Primula reticulata seed; H.H. sent a Bhutanese blanket, causing concern about excess baggage. The camp was crowded with Drogpas and Tibetans returning from the Mela via the Monlakarchung La; Danang is unfit and may join later instead of going to Ludlow, and lack of yak prevented a planned trip to Tolegang.

CONTENT:
14th September. Halt at Pangotang. Wet all day. Pasang & Mundon went off for 3 days to Kantanang. The only thing I know I want from there is seed of a primula called reticulata, which was very pretty. But it will likely not be ready yet. We can wait longer though for Kantanang. It is not important, & the other places must take preference. H.H. is making me very embarrassed. He has now sent a very fine Bhutanese blanket. I don't know what to do with it & had told him I did not need any bedding at all. I fear Hicks & I may have to carry a good many unwanted things away with us - unwanted by me anyway. Pangotang is a regular Piccadilly Circus today, with all the Drogpas coming back from the Mela. Tibetans too are camped beside me on their way back over the Monlakarchung La. H.H. said it was a success, they had good weather. He tells me Danang is still not fit, which presumably means that he cannot go to Ludlow now, but will have to join me when he is alright. It will be a sad blow to Ludlow, although I believe Ramzana has seen almost all that Danang saw on their way East.

15th Sept. Halt. No yak turned up today, so I did not go out to Tolegang as intended. Very heavy rain again last night, & a good deal today too. Sat in camp all day practically, & did nothing but write a

SUMMARY:
Notes list target plants with specimen numbers and brief habitat cues to be collected from the base at Pangstang on return from Waitang or Marlung, and from the Tolegang area. Habitats mentioned include cliffs, scree, beach, and river margins.

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148

To be collected from base Pangstang on return from Waitang or Marlung.

[x] White Sax. 19696. from cliff opposite camp. or from Tolegang, lower cliff.
[x] Gentian. 19706 " sandy slope opposite camp " " "
[v] Androsace sp. 18974 " " " " "
[ Cypripedium tibeticum 18970 just below big cliff, lower towards river.
[ Small pea 18992 = 19698.
[v] Prim. alpicola var. luna. 19103.
[v] Prim. umbratilis 19128.
[ Potentilla curviseta 19394 beach.
[x] Gentiana elwesii 19709
[x] Polygonum sp. tassel 19715 roots.
[x] [ Aconitum sp. 19734 roots.

To be collected from Tolegang

[v] Roots or seed of big Aconite. 19710 1st dros-pa above forest.
[v] Prim. umbratilis 19332.
[v] Sax. yellow. 19305 Growing with P. umbratilis & on scree bank.
[x] Sax? white. 19696 On cliff above umbratilis
roots. [v] Aconite var. small 19727 " " " in scree.
[v] Sax. 19731 wiry leaves. Above 1st dros-pa on.
[+] Pleurogyne. 19728. by river Tolegang.
[v] " var. big 19729 " "
[x] Delphinium 19724 papers
[x] " 19725 one 1st seen.
Sax. small leaves 19720 already taken. more below cliff.
Roots [v] Gent. amoena 19721 1/2 m beyond, on scree.
Roots [x] Alardia 19716. Left hand valley. Cliff, on left when level. to base of cliff.
Gent. multiflora 19347
[v] Prim. mac. var. mac. Near Alardia.

SUMMARY:
In Haat, persistent rain kept the party in camp where photos were developed and seeds and bulbs packed; the writer collected young P. macrophylla roots and observed a large, unalarmed herd of burrhel, noting their abundance in Bhutan even in wet areas. With some sun returning, Tundru was ill with diarrhoea, and a dispute arose when Ngudup asked for a letter to H.H. for more butter despite rations lasting until 7th October.

CONTENT:
accounts are about all for their three days absence. Poor Tundru has diarrhoea again badly which has kept him from doing much. I took nice roots of young P. macrophylla from high up, will take them home. Again I saw a fine herd of burrhel, and got a fine picture of them as they went up the hill and over the skyline. They were not really frightened. Burrhel are obviously not animals of the dry Tibetan plateau only. There must be thousands in Bhutan, and in very wet parts too.

17th September. Haat. Very wet night, and very wet again all day today. One would say it was much wetter this month than July was, and I wonder when we will have a definite let up. Stayed in camp and developed photos and packed seed and bulbs.

18th September. Haat. At last some sun again. There was remarkable activity in camp as a result, and we are all feeling and looking considerably cleaner than we were. Ngudup came and asked me if I would write to H.H. for more butter, as it would only last a few days now. I refused, seeing he has rations for everyone up till 7th October. I really don't know how he can dispose of all the butter he does. I told him he could take and divide up one of the two huge 10 lb lumps I had. He told me I had finished one of these myself already - at which I was very angry with him. I have had one small tin of about 1/2 lb so far.

SUMMARY:
Seed collecting was limited by pests and grazing yaks; noted species include P. elongata, Arabis, Gueldenstaedtia, Cypripedium tibeticum, Sorbus ursina, and an Aconite bulbifera with bulbils in leaf axils. After rain and colder weather, the party planned to go to the pass; on 20th September they halted, dug roots of P. strumosa, photographed Gentiana veitchiorum, and admired a green lake below the pass with snowy peaks.

CONTENT:
can be everywhere at once. We got very little today - some P. elongata, an Arabis, Gueldenstaedtia not quite ripe, Cypripedium tibeticum ditto. Sorbus ursina up here has masses of fruit. From about 500-600 fruit taken I am keeping 11 only. The rest all have a small caterpillar in them, & some of the 11 may have also. Otherwise too, seed is difficult here. If the plant grows on a cliff, one can get seed; if not the yaks eat it. P. elongata has been eaten in a place there was masses, & all we got was what remained on a cliff. The most interesting thing today was an Aconite bulbifera 19752, taken once before, which has bulbils in the leaf axils. I did not know this happened in aconites before, & certainly have seen it in no other species than this one. Very heavy rain last night again & when we left today, but it has been mostly fine today, but with little or no sun. We mean to go up to the pass tomorrow unless weather very bad. It has got very much colder up here now.

20th September. Halt. After a lot of rain at night & a thick mist in the morning, this turned out to be a lovely day, one on which we could well have gone up to the Mula Karchung La. But we stopped on the way several times to get roots of P. strumosa, & to take photos of Gentiana Veitchiorum, which with a nice sunny day, were at their very best. Even the yaks cannot dispose of all of them, though they do their best. For that reason, one finds banks which are undercut and safe to walk on, have the finest show of this Gentian - yaks don't go there to graze. The lake below the pass was beautiful indeed. It is green, & the snows behind with a blue sky make a wonderful setting. I tried to get some Gentians as a foreground to

SUMMARY:
The diarist notes many migratory birds from Tibet and poor seed results except likely from Marlung or passes to the west. On 21 Sept., they remain in camp while Yundon and Pasang collect Primula caveana and a fine woolly Phandra from Tamagorra Nala, returning late and exhausted, with Yundon suffering a bad headache. On 22 Sept., amid cold wind and intermittent rain and sun, letters arrive from H.H. and mail from Hicks and Ludlow, but none from Betty.

CONTENT:
This, in the same way as I did with Mec. simplicifolia. Hope it turns out well. The whole scene is too big for a cine-camera. There are a good many birds now on migration from Tibet. I saw hundreds of wagtails and two Afghan redstarts today. And I must have seen 20 Ibisbills, but they aren't on migration though. We did not do well with seed again, and certainly most of our seed this year will come from Marlung or over the passes to the West.

21st Sept. Halt. Rain at night, but a lovely day of sun and cumulus clouds. I stayed in camp to deal with yesterday's seeds, while Yundon and Pasang went up Tamagorra Nala to the NE to get P. caveana and the 8 plants of white caveana marked by Yundon when we were here before. They have just returned at 6:00 pm when I was beginning to be a bit anxious about them. Boulder scree is dangerous: one can very easily make a false step and have a nasty fall. It was too late for me to examine any seed brought, but they have got all the white P. caveana, and another basket of the usual caveana as no seed is ripe. They also found the very fine Phandra which is woolly all over, and which we took twice at Marlung, but never saw in very good flower. Today they have brought both seed and fine flower. It is a beautiful thing. I have not been able to see if the seed is good or not. Otherwise just a Sax or a Saussurea, and a few odd very small primula roots - perhaps P. cervicina or P. walshii, which I may take too. As they have had such a long day, we will not go out tomorrow, but I will do the seed and get the roots properly packed. Yundon returned with a very bad head, which he said he had most of the day.

22nd Sept. Halt. Stayed in camp. Rain and sun very cold indeed, with a strong wind. Letters came in from H.H. with food etc and a mail from Hicks, Ludlow and Kalimpong, but in some strange way no letters from Betty. Hers must have

SUMMARY:
The diarist halts in the Diruphuang valley amid heavy rain, notes a sense of the monsoon ending, and reaches a nearby pass without difficulty. Skimmia seed brought by Pasang is abundant and promising. Letters and plans are mentioned, including Tobgye writing from Kalimpong, Betty in Calcutta, and Hicks intending to be in Bumthang earlier than expected.

CONTENT:
146 19768 P. alboviana x brunosa

gone astray somewhere, as Tobgye's letter was dated 4 Sept from Kalimpong, she had heard twice from Betty in Calcutta by then. I think the Arts & Crafts must have made a mess of things. We have now all the plants we want from here, but will see if another is to be found tomorrow in the Diruphuang valley. The Skimmia seed which Pasang brought in yesterday is good and there is lots of it. I do hope it will be a success. The scent is one of the best things about it, and it is very strong and persistent long after flowering. Hicks tells me he will be in Bumthang on 5th Oct. which is very much earlier than I had expected. But he had not had my letter from Bumthang when he wrote, so may change.

23rd September Halt. Fine till about 2.0 and then very heavy rain on and off. Although there is still lots of rain, there is a feeling of the end of the monsoon, but no sparkling days yet. More snow falls at night on the hill tops now. We went up Diruphuang valley today, and I was surprised how easily I managed up to the pass which I had never been able to reach before. How unfit I must have been when I first came up. Now, that height - about 15000 - 15500 - does not seem to worry me at all. We looked over the pass and saw

SUMMARY:
Diary notes from Pangotang describe ongoing rains, plans to visit Marlung before turning back, and requests regarding taking Yundru and Ngudup to Kalimpong, with preference for Yundru. The writer develops Hicks’ photos, comments on Thompson’s image of P. eburnea, sends Dorji with airmail to Hicks and HH, and packs a ‘tsang’ of rooted plants for shipment to London, hoping to add more from Marlung and Ritang.

CONTENT:
147

Air mail plants
more specimens and also some roots. I have now so many roots to send home by air, that I wonder how many loads there will be, also how much it will all cost!

24th Sept. Pangotang. Fine morning, and a bit of rain after midday. There really is precious little sign of the end of the rains, although I keep on hoping there is. We are, in a way, on our way back home now. But still there is one place, Marlung, to visit, before we can say we have turned round and started back. But everyone obviously feels that things are winding up. I had a request today from Pasang, from Ngudup and Yundru that I should take both to Kalimpong. I don't mind taking Yundru, who is a good and cheery lad and a good worker, but I hope I won't have to take Ngudup one day beyond Bumthang. I do not like him, and except to arrange transport, he is useless. I am writing to HH tomorrow to ask for Changchuk, and to give him our final dates. Today I developed Hicks' photos. If only he had taken my advice at first, all his photos would have been like these which are good. But he would not, and considered he knew better. Thompson's photo of P. eburnea is quite good, much better than Hicks' first efforts. It is a real disappointment to me that in 6 months he has only taken 48 photos altogether, in spite of having lots of film packs available. There were so many photos he could have taken.

25th September. Sent off Dorji and with airmail to Hicks, HH and Kalimpong and paid him Rs 24/-. We then packed up a 'tsang' with rooted plants, each rooted plant in its own little basket inside the big one. The whole thing now is ready to go to London, except that I hope there will be a few more plants added from Marlung, and then more again at Ritang.
roots

SUMMARY:
Page lists photographic subjects and notes for multiple film rolls, including Gentiana veitchiorum, Aconitum sp., Polygonum vacciniifolium, yak, and views such as Kangkar Punsum. Locations mentioned include Tolegang, Chachhu La, Waitang, green lake, Ngadap, and Namgre, with dated entries from 13 to 27 September 1949 and several dispatch notes.

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148

B.W. 14
1 Gent. Veitchiorum from above. 19759 20/9
2 " " on bank. " "
3 " " " " "
4 " " lake & snows behind .. "
5 Ngadap & Namgre.
6 Aconitum sp. 1977. 23/9
7
8
9 Not taken
10
11
12

Dufaycolour 23
1 Polygonum vacciniifolium. Tolegang 16/9 19/16
2 )
3 ) Phardia 19716 16/9
4 ) 4. Sent 18/9.
5
6

Dufaycolour 24
1 Gent. Veitchiorum 19759 20/9
2 " " " "
3 " " on bank "
4 " " " " no filter "
5 " " " " "
6 " " with lake behind & snows ..

7 ) add to 24.
8 ) Aconitum sp. 1977 23/9
9 )
4 ) 24 & 9 pieces
5 ) sent 25/9
6 )

Kodachrome 30
G.S. Pasang near Chachhu La. 13/9.
Polygonum vacciniifolium 16/9.
Burhel above Tolegang in skyline. "
Phardia. 19716 "
Gentiana amoena 19721. camp. 18/9.
5' out of focus. view. Sent 18/9.

Kodachrome 31
Gent. Veitchiorum 19759
" " on bank, with tele lens etc. All on
lakeside green lake. 20.9.49
Yak, snows behind.
" " "
Sent 25/9

Kodachrome 32
Gent. 19759 by stream camp Waitang. 21.9.
Aconitum sp. 1977. 23.9.
Drogpa women spinning wool, outside. 26.9.
Kangkar Punsum 27.9.
Yak & " " "

SUMMARY:
Notes the arrangement of numbered plant specimens in bottom, middle, and top layers, with plans to add several Primula species. Describes a shift from mist to thunder and heavy rain, followed by a clear day on 26 September at Marlung, colder than Waitang, with yaks, dzopas, and mention of a local boy who had previously broken his arm.

CONTENT:
Each plant is labelled with a tin label which has been oiled, they are packed in this order.
No. 1

Bottom layer
19750 19757 19750
19766 19235 19712
Maus back here

Middle layer
19771 19768A 19764 19226
19167 19768C 19767
19330 19768B 19309 19146
Maus back here

Top layer
19123 19804 19404 19777
19366
19716 19420 19373 19722
Maus back

The top story is as yet empty, but in it will go P. tsariensis, P. soldanelloides, a cushion androsace (globifera?) - more P. Waddellii. That is probably all the Marlung, when we should have a few P. tsariensis white ordinary, P. uniflora, P. umbratilis white. Today really felt like the end of the rain, although there was much mist early on. The day has been lovely and clear, with big cumulus clouds gradually collecting. Now at 3.0 pm there is thunder and torrential rain, the first thunder we've had, and I expect a sparkling day tomorrow.

26th September. Marlung. Today dawned beautifully clear, and was the first day we had had like it with no mist, even on the hill tops. It was quite interesting to see all the hill tops, because even in the fine days we have occasionally had, there has always been mist on the tops. However a fine veil of high cloud quickly came over the sky, and by 11.0 there was no sun. It seems much colder up here than Waitang. There are a few yaks here now and some dzopas: with the latter is the small boy who broke his arm just before I left here in July. I am very glad to