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SUMMARY:
Notes describe separating from Sherriff at Tsari, with the main camp at Lung in the Chayal Valley while Lumsden and the author travel via Bimbi La into the Tsangpo drainage toward Pachakshiri. Bird observations include Chinese Parakeets at Kyimdong Dzong and a Three-toed Woodpecker on the northern slopes of the Lo La, and plant collections are listed for Migyitun on June 10–11.

CONTENT:
Sketch. Lumsden Route

Ludlow Ibis 47. Tsari was a paradise for flowers but the ban on shooting was an insurmountable obstacle to ornithological work, so we decided to separate. Sherriff remained behind to work the Tsari valley. The main camp in the Chayal Valley at Lung, whilst Lumsden & I set out for Pachakshiri.
(NB. Separation on June 12th)
The crossing of the Bimbi La brought us for the first time within the drainage of the Tsangpo. At Kyimdong Dzong (June 15) we found the Chinese Parakeet (Psittacula derbyana) in large flocks in the barley fields. From here we crossed the Lang La (15,500) to Molo, where we turned south into the Pachakshiri district. Crossing the Himalayan range by the Lo La (13,300) on the northern slopes of the Lo La (June 27) we obtained a Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus funebris) in Silver-fir forest and is characteristic of the forests of SW. China.
Psittacula derbyana see Lud. Ibis 371.
Picoides tridactylus funebris see Lud. Ibis 369 Bimbi La

10th June Migyitun. Lonicera cyanocarpa var. porphyrantha 2101 Migyitun
Mag. globosa 2102. Clematis montana var. wilsonii 2103,
Streptopus simplex 2104. Iris chrysographes 2105
Prun. aspec. var. alba 2106. Sax. brunoniana 2107
Rh. micromeres 2108. Rho. trichocladum 2109 Bimbi La
Mec. betonicifolia 2110. Mec. panic. 2111 11th
P. macrophylla macrophylla 2112
Cawdoriana 2113
Sikkimensis form 2119
asperula 2120
Yargongensis 2122

SUMMARY:
After a very cold night with snowfall, the party enjoyed clear weather and fine scenery with Sengdam La visible, noted a large flock of Grandala at Tumbabe, and observed various birds including geese and mallard (two of which were shot and retrieved). They marched from Lunang to Daú below Chunjima, remarked on Lunang ironwork, and collected plants including Notholirion hyacinthinum, a Codonopsis (seed), and a probable Primula sonchifolia.

CONTENT:
Last night was very cold indeed, and 1/2" snow fell. The fall was general down to well below this place. It was rather sickening to wake up to a perfect clear morning, which if we had had yesterday would have given us wonderful views. Today the scenery was very fine, even without any sight of Gyala Peri or Namcha. Sengdam La, 20,700', is visible for a good part of the day, in a fine background to the open grassy valley & Picea-clad hills on either side. Again at Tumbabe, we found a huge flock of perhaps 300 Grandala, feeding on Hippophae. I took both cine & still photos of these. Birds were very numerous again, all of a sudden. Trochalopteron henrici & affinis & Ianthocincla ocellata, besides rose finches & accentors. We saw no game birds but 2 geese, which certainly were not bar-headed or grey lag. I think they must have been white fronted. I could easily have shot both, but had just sent off Tsongpen with the gun. In Lunang they make pierced iron work — waist belt ornaments, swords cases & so on. We have seen the waist belt pieces — six, each about 3" long. Total price asked 20 sangs, which would normally equal about Rs 3/-.

21st Dec. Daú. (about 2-3 m. below Chunjima). Last night the cold was intense, due to snow & a very clear sky. There is little doubt that this side of the Temu La is much colder than in the Tsangpo valley at similar heights. It was a difficult job rolling up the tent, but we were off at 7.50 again, arrived here about 2.0. This was a short march, but a very pleasant one indeed. At first the temp was so low that we couldn't get warm, but by 9.30 we were in the sun & comfortable. About a mile from Lunang, I saw four mallard on the river, & shot two. Both fell in the half frozen river, but were rescued. Otherwise there were few birds seen today anything of interest. Of plants we saw more. Notholirion hyacinthinum was again seen & seed of a Codonopsis was taken.
R. Hunter 12021 The most interesting find however, was what I took to be Primula sonchifolia. It was growing on a slope which got no sun, & so the ground was frozen very

SUMMARY:
At Lung, the party halted for several days of fine weather while shooting birds and searching unsuccessfully for tragopan. The diarist notes rough valley paths, collects some rhododendron seeds, and remarks that other rhododendron seeds are not yet ripe.

CONTENT:
Lung
20th October. Halt. The first fine day we have had since the 4th Oct.
Wind from the North, cloudy but bright. Went down the valley a
bit - wandered round the flat part below camp. Shot four birds -
saw two woodcock about a mile down. Tsongpen & the gyimpon will go
off early in the morning to look for tragopan.

21st October. Halt. Another beautiful day, fine all day. Tsongpen &
the gyimpon spent from 6 am till 2.30 pm looking in the jungle for
tragopan, but they saw none, not even any signs of them. So
I'm afraid we are unlikely to get any here now, though I have
two more days to do up on the hillside.

Lung
22nd October. Halt. Fine all day, with a very strong wind: clouded
over in the evening & looks like rain. Tsongpen & I went down a
good long way in the main valley - 5 hours. The path is
really pretty dreadful, hardly ever level for 10 yards, & as much
on notched logs & ordinary logs as on the ground. It is far the
worst I have seen anywhere this year. Shot a Heteroxenicus
stellatus, Sylviparus & Fulvetta ludlowi in beautiful plumage, saw
two or three nutcrackers. The cinnabarinum rhododendron is
not yet ripe, but I took some seeds to try. The big maddenii
R. crassum seed
2332 & 2338 were not ripe, but further down I came across one

SUMMARY:
The diarist describes dense jungle and impenetrable bracken near Lung, limited wildlife of interest, and notes butterflies, wind, and crossbills above Lung near the Char Chu. Fresh fruits were obtained at Kyimpu, Nahampa, and at the current camp. On 10th July at Lung Halt, the weather was mixed; little was found upstream except a yellow Didissandra, and the diarist went down the valley with plans to finish at Lung and then move to Karuthra.

CONTENT:
I have not seen a single flower. Went down the valley a mile or two, very thick jungle, but nothing seen. It is impossible to get anywhere unless there is a path. The bracken just beyond camp is 6-7 ft high and quite impenetrable. Two days will be ample here, after which we will go up to Karuthra. Butterflies fairly numerous in the morning, but all in rather poor condition. There is a strong wind up the valley. No birds of interest, but crossbills heard just above Lung on the North side, above the junction of the Char Chu. I have been getting some fresh fruit now often. Rather unripe but excellent black currants at Kyimpu - gooseberries at Nahampa and here some really good white raspberries. They make a very pleasant change to the apple rings, which, if any, is the only sweet we have now.

10th July. Lung Halt. Fine half the day, but wet all night, and a good deal of the afternoon, with sunny patches. First went up the valley to the SW, but saw little but a yellow Didissandra 2330. I decided to go down the valley in the afternoon, then finish with Lung and return.

SUMMARY:
Notes observations of monal and a Lopa offering to guide the party to tragopan above the Lung houses. Describes discovering a good path from Lung to the Chupung La, used year-round when the Kashong La is closed, passing many Lopas returning home, and moving through pine, birch, and rhododendron forests where a partridge was shot.

CONTENT:
told me he had seen what a good many monal, about then
have the crest - spatulate feathers not curly. He shoots south
of the range S of Kap. A Lopa turned up today who says
he will show us where tragopan are. I think the gyimpu
does not expect much, but we will see tomorrow. He says
they are above Lung houses, but how far up I don't know.

25th October. Lung Halt. It takes a long time to find out about
almost anything here. Only today, my last day, did I find
that there is a good path leading to the Chupung La. It leaves
from 50' below the Lung houses, climbs very steeply. Lopas from
Lung halt this side of the pass first day, then over the second.
It must be low, as the gyimpu says people can go over it all the
year round, and it is regularly used when the Kashong La is
closed. That I know is true, as we passed 15 Lopas today going
back to their own country. The path takes one to most
interesting country. First through open pine forest with a lot
of bracken, where I shot a partridge, the first seen up this way.
Then through a fine forest of birch and rhododendron, very steeply
at first, then level along to the left into a valley. Beyond that
I did not go. But where the path enters this forest, we saw a

SUMMARY:
At Lung, the Char Chu river is clearing though the monsoon persists. Over 18–19 October the diarist remained in camp, received mail thoughtfully forwarded by Ludlow, collected Cardiocrinum giganteum bulbs, and endured heavy rain while cutting paths, finding rhododendron seed unripe and seeing no tragopan or monal.

CONTENT:
Char Chu is now quite clear again, and this river is clearing up gradually. No sign as yet of the monsoon being over.

Lung, 18th October. Halt. Rained a good deal in the night and this morning, but not very heavy. Stayed in camp and collected a few Cardiocrinum giganteum bulbs. In the evening, much to my surprise, a mail arrived. Ludlow very kindly sent it on complete only taking out his own and his letters, and leaving me all the newspapers etc., very good of him and very thoughtful. It was grand to hear again from home and Kashmir. All our mails seem to be going well now, and I have a report on all my Dufaycolor film packs up to No 26. On the whole they are well reported on.

Lung, 19th October. Halt. Went up the hill, cutting a path through the high bracken. A foul day, rained hard from morning to night and mist low down on the hills. Very disappointing. We found all rhododendron seed unripe, and most will not be ripe for a month at least. I never saw a sign of a tragopan or of monal, but will go again once or twice. It was pretty bloody in the bamboo forest, frightfully wet, and the place full of rotten wood. A bad day.

SUMMARY:
At Lung the diarist halted, collected several ripe rhododendron seeds (including R. lindleyi, R. edgeworthii, R. kendrickii, R. sherruffii, R. fulvum, and R. arizelum), and noted ticks, frost, bamboo and pines, and a river running north then east in a narrow, steep valley, with no signs of tragopan. They went further up the hill and spoke with the Trün gyimpu.

CONTENT:
185

R. lindleyi 2744 seed
bush, with ripe capsules. As the capsules are so much longer I have collected it under a new number 2744 - seeds are perfectly ripe. A few other odd things also collected, including one rhododendron, which we did not see in flower in July, with very thick tomentum, & capsules covered with the same tomentum (2745).
R. edgeworthii 2745 seed

R. kendrickii common. 2748 seed
Ticks pretty bad, as there is a good deal of bamboo on the path. The trees are mostly rhododendron, bamboo, deciduous of various kinds & a good many pines. The river flows nearly North for a bit then turns E again; the path is always steep & the valley is very narrow & steep sided. The left bank of the river is mostly covered with pines down below.

Lung
23rd October. Halt. Fine down here all day, with some snow on the hills for an hour or two. Went up the hill again, further than I had been before, but saw no sign or marks of tragopan.

R. sherruffii seeds 2751
R. fulvum seeds 2752 R. arizelum seeds 2753
R. fulvum seeds 2754
Rhododendrons disappointing, but I got two which are ripe, & have taken a few more which may come to something. Ticks again pretty bad. There has been quite a hard frost down here the last two mornings, especially this morning.

Lung
24th October. Halt. Some rain last night & this morning. Mostly fine but clouded over. Talking to the Trün gyimpu today, he

SUMMARY:
Notes from Lung describe a rough track above the right bank, forested slopes, and village/camp spots, with few flowering Primula and nearly finished Rhododendron, comparing the area unfavourably to Natrampa. The next day at Lung, the party halts and splits up, sending Pimbo and Danong to inspect the route up the Char Chu.

CONTENT:
Lung April 28th
Paeonia lutea var. ludlowii 1376
Prim. whitei 1379
Rhod. arizelum 1380

The path is no more than a track, not made in any way. It leads down stream, usually keeping about 300 ft above the right bank. In places it goes over rock slides, in others through forest of fir & pine. On the whole it is not difficult, & is in pretty good order. At m. 5 the Char Chu comes in from the north, through a very narrow steep gorge. M 6 Lung, consisting of four stone houses, with wood roofs is passed. The valley opens out a little & there is some cultivation at m 7 where camping is good & water excellent. The right bank is wooded throughout with pine & fir; a lot of burning has been carried out, though why it is difficult to say, as there appears to be plenty of ground suitable for cultivation down here - more level & more suitable in every way. So far Lung has not come up to expectations. We have found one primula, over, some rhododendron also very nearly finished. I don't think it can be so good as Natrampa, but will have a better look tomorrow.

29th April. Halt Lung. We split up into three parties today. Pimbo & Danong to inspect the route up the Char Chu: Ludlow

SUMMARY:
The diarist describes a magnificent view and fine autumn colours on the descent, notes Karutra is shut for winter, and mentions trouble with a few coolies not turning up from a village above Natrampa. At Lung (9200 ft), after rain and an up-valley wind, they note remaining iris seeds at Natrampa and collect ripe rhododendron seeds (R. glaucophyllum 1355; R. ciliatum 2739), observing Lopas in the area and sighting Raprang at the junction of the Char and Chayul Chus.

CONTENT:
The view back to the main range behind camp was really magnificent, and made one feel glad to be alive. All the way down, the autumn colours were very fine - birches, and larch being particularly beautiful. Karutra is now shut up for the winter. Had some trouble as a few coolies did not turn up from a village above Natrampa.
R. vellereum, seeds 2738
No new seeds, but one rhododendron which is ripe now.

17th October. Lung. 9200' 7 miles. It rained most of last night, and has been raining most of today off and on. There is a strong up valley wind blowing. Still a few iris seeds on the open camping ground at Natrampa. At the crossing of the steep side nala on this side of Natrampa, I found two
R. glaucophyllum seeds 1355
rhododendrons with ripe seeds, one No 1355 which I had marked with a label. The other I had not seen down there before,
R. ciliatum 2739 seeds
but had collected up above, 2739. Quite a number of Lopas about, but I don't know if they have been using the path yet, which leads through the bamboo rhododendron which I have to visit. The bracken is still very much standing, but is brown and more brittle than it was. At the junction of the Char and Chayul Chus, one can actually see Raprang. The

SUMMARY:
Notes describe the junction of two rivers near Luntse below Tang forming the Kuru Chu River and a long, impassable gorge cutting through the main Himalayan range. The writer remarks this prevents a direct outlet from Tibet to Bhutan without crossing a Himalayan pass. Ludlow reports only common birds observed, with nothing of particular interest.

CONTENT:
"Luntse" just below Tang is the junction of the 2 rivers which together form the Kuru Chu River. The junction lies in a magnificent gorge. This gorge continues for many miles below the junction forming a narrow & precipitous chasm piercing the main Himalayan range. No path traverses this gorge which is unfortunate as this would mean an outlet for Tibet to Bhutan without the obstacle of a pass across the Himalayan chain.

Ludlow - except for pigeons, magpies Choughs & an occasional bunting or willow warbler, we saw nothing of interest.