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SUMMARY:
A local guide led the party to their campsite at Lachen and reported that the last European to camp there was 27 years earlier, when White, the P.O., camped shortly after the Tibetan War.

CONTENT:
Lachen. - The man who conducted
us to our camping site informed
us that the last time a European
had camped here was 27 years ago,
when White the P.O. had camped
here shortly after the Tibetan War.

SUMMARY:
A brief heading noting Ludlow’s travel to Dewangeri, referenced as L216.

CONTENT:
L216. Ludlow to Dewangeri

SUMMARY:
Page lists several numerical entries (9812, 1.0444, 9812, 39248, 39248, 3924, 10247.652). No narrative content, dates, places, or persons are evident.

CONTENT:
L p 66-67

9812
1.0444
9812
39248
39248
3924
10247.652

SUMMARY:
Notes describe packing issues near S. Chöling, hospitality from Ama Ayalmo, and a report that Tenduk collected seedlings up the Drichu-chu. Entries for early November cover travel from Kyimpu to Nyeron and on to Chayul Dzong with seed collecting (including Gentiana waltonii, Primula spp., and a new Fritillaria), weather observations, and dealings with Dzongpens and passports.

CONTENT:
81

About S. Chöling ran as far as Chunchar. It was hard on them having to do this, they should have been told to leave what they had at S. Chöling with Ama Ayalmo. She has been very kind to us all. I had a large feed with her this morning when starting off. I hear from Tarlur that Tenduk went up the Drichu-chu and was successful in getting good seedlings of Meconopsis sherriffii and also a good haul of seed, as well as some Primula cawdoriana and Primula jucunda? .

2nd November. To Kyimpu. Fine. Clouded all night, rain at 2.0 pm. Got a good collection of Gentiana waltonii (6652) 6 packets, and Primula jaffreyana 2 packets. Rhododendron lanatum var. luciferum has set no seed at all this year. From a hundred capsules or more, we got a dozen seed. Little snow on the Drichu-chu, or up these hills. Collected some more Codonopsis vinciflora, the tubers locally called KIBU eaten.

3rd November. To NYERON. Fine bright all day. No clouds after crossing the Lela. There were low clouds last night, and a good deal of fresh snow on the Main Range. This is the first really clear day we have had, and are obviously in the dry zone now. The atmosphere is as dry as it could be, and already my nails are beginning to split. Left camp about 7.0 am; in at 4.0 pm, but about 4 miles further on than Ayandro, where locals are scarce. After a long search I found about 7 capsules of the new Fritillaria on the Lela, but only one bulb. The ground was frozen under the surface, and made it difficult to dig up bulbs. We also got some Gentiana amoena forma pallida, which showed very large capsules. The capsules of the Fritillaria are squat; about 1/2" high, the bulb is quite white, and 2"-3" below the surface. Primula consocia had thrown all its seed. We got another 3 packets of Gentiana waltonii, so I now have eleven. A man from Tsona told us in Kyimpu that Tarlur was not well in Chayul Dzong, but had gone on. I do hope he gets over the Pö La alright. After that he should have no great trouble. I hardly expect to get any seed from now on until we reach the Nyam Sang Chu, which I hope will be on the 12th.

4th November. Chayul Dzong. Rather a late start, in at 12 noon. There are two Dzongpens here, one of whom is the old one of 1936. He seems very happy and does not worry about us in the least. The other one wants to see our passport, which I'm sure Pinko must have shown when Ludlow was here. Wind very strong up the valley here. Found a few Primula tibetica seed on the way.

SUMMARY:
Notes abundant Abies delavayi and Corydalis, sightings of Cyanopica, and Ludlow’s separate route south where he found Fritillaria cirrhosa (1574) and Thermopsis barbata (1573). Plans to move on to Migyitun with fine weather and no mail; on 11th May the party traveled 7 miles from Kyimpu to Charme along the left bank, noting Charme at the junction of the Char and Kyimpu rivers with good camping, supplies, and crops, and recording Anemone rivularis (1581), Iris decora (1582), and radishes.

CONTENT:
Abies delavayi 1572 - up to 100 ft high. Covers the whole slopes of the valley here. 67

Corydalis was found, same as on the La La, and another yellow one 1571, but that was barely out. I saw any number of Cyanopica which flew, putting a shot at flying birds. It is easy enough to hit them, but not so easy to find two coming over together. Ludlow went a different way to the South, found a Fritillaria 1574 and a Thermopsis 1573. We are still too early for a place like this, and should get on now to Migyitun. Still no sign of our mail. Fine again.

Fritillaria cirrhosa 1574
Thermopsis barbata 1573

Kyimpu to Charme
11th May. Charme. 7 miles. B.P. 19.43 Temp. 66° Time 10.30 am. Ht. 10200'.

Very cold in the morning, fine all day. The path is good the whole way, down the left bank, except for a few hundred yards after a gorge is passed. Charme is at the junction of the Char and Kyimpu rivers. Good camping ground and some supplies. Beans and barley grown. Water excellent.

Anemone rivularis 1581
Iris decora 1582
radishes

SUMMARY:
The diarist rejects the Droshing La road and goes toward Kyimpu, arriving after an 8-mile march at 12,800 ft with afternoon thunder and heavy rain despite general drought in the valley. He settles accounts and dismisses the lama’s man, Norshu, accusing him of exploiting locals, and notes a report relayed via the headman of Kyimpu previously met at Sanga Choling.

CONTENT:
here, the money was all taken by the man I have had sent with me. He says the lama takes it all. I refused to give it him, but he says that the coolies are quite happy about it, and always give it up, and he then divides it amongst them all later on. It sounds a rotten arrangement I must say, and bet they don't get much of it themselves in the end. A road goes off here to the Droshing La, said to be the best road, but I want to go to Kyimpu from where another passable track is supposed to lead to the pass.

3rd July. Kyimpu - 8 miles. 12,800'. Fine till about 2:30 when there was a lot of thunder and for the rest of the day heavy rain. Obviously there had been little rain in this valley, as nearly all flowers and leaves were drooping, if not dead. The locals say that they had one heavy rainstorm since we were here last, nearly two months ago. Paid off the lama's man Norshu, and was thoroughly glad to get rid of him. He is a rogue of the first water and exercises awful 'zulum' on the locals. The headman of Kyimpu had told us in Sanga Choling that he had the eggs of

SUMMARY:
Diary entries record fine weather, observations of flowering Gentiana and seed collecting of Primula species around Kyimpu Halt and Le La. On 4 October the author moves to a camp north of Drichung La, parts from Ludlow and Lumsden, and continues with Ahmad Sheikh, Tsongpen, and Pimbo toward Trim while continuing seed collections.

CONTENT:
Scrophularia & Codonopsis vinciflora. Androsace not yet ripe, & G. waltonii is in full flower.

2nd October. Kyimpu Halt. A fine day with sun all day. The Drichung La has a lot of snow, but it should soon go with this sun. Went up to the Le La, & saw G. amoena in full flower. Got a fine haul of seeds of P. nivalis (macrophylla?) & a similar higher altitude one. Most are barely ripe yet, as P. cawdoriana, P. rotundifolia. A little Mec. bella found.

3rd October. Kyimpu Halt. A perfect day, even the hills being clear of cloud almost all day. Stayed in camp & dried & packed seeds.

4th October. Camp N of Drichung La. 15000'(?) 7 miles. Fine, but cloudy except from 8.0 am till 1.30 pm. Quite a good day for seeds again, but P. cawdoriana is not yet ripe. Left Ludlow & Lumsden behind, will next see them in India, at Dirang Dzong about the end of November. Ahmad Sheikh & Tsongpen accompany me, & Pimbo as far as Trim to make the bandobast. Seeds of P. nivalis sp very common & ripe 2719. They are the same as the Le La seeds 1561(2). Also a Primula like P. atrodentata, but I think perhaps different 2722. Snow lies about 500 ft above camp, & thence to the top. I handed over my gun

SUMMARY:
Field observations around Kyimpu noting numerous flowering plants and seed collections, including Roscoea alpina, Deutzia hookeriana, Stellera chamaejasme, and Meconopsis bella. A supposed crane’s eggs find proved to be partridge; later, the party halted with rain, bought a sheep, and walked toward the Le La. The locals are described as friendly.

CONTENT:
Kyimpu July 3. Roscoea alpina 2275. Onosma hookeri 2276, Stellera chamaejasme 2277 (113
Deutzia hookeriana 2279, Pedic. longiflora var tubiformis 2282, Mec. bella 2283

...a crane's eggs, but when he brought them, they turned out only to be those of a partridge, a great disappointment. There were four in the nest, of which he broke one.

A good many flowers on the way up, lots of the Primula jeffreyana 2257, of walshii 2256 just below Kyimpu 2258. Also of the Incarvillea lutea 2252 of which I took some of last year's seeds, which appear to be good. P. atrodentata is in seed too, of which I took a lot of that. Mec. bella 2283 is in flower here, others up here. There is a nice little Deutzia hookeriana 2279 in the rocky gorge between the two bridges, which is both fragrant and pretty. And the Stellera 2277 is a nice little thing, looking prettiest when it is half out—red in the centre of the buds, contrasting with white of the open corolla all around. I think we should do well up here. The locals are all a friendly lot for anything as far as I can see.

4th July. Halt. More or less fine till 1130, then heavy rain most of the day. Bought a sheep for Rs 3/-. We all went up towards the Le La, turning off right before reaching it. P. hyacinthina 2294 is very common.

SUMMARY:
The party halts at Kyimdong Dzong for several days due to transport delays, washing and repairing gear, developing photographs, and interacting with local officials; the Tsongpen scouts a snowy pass and brings back a rhododendron, while the Dzongpen visits and provides provisions. Kyimdong is noted as the source of Lhasa note paper and has villages under it (Shu, Langong, Sumbatse); later they move to a camp below Taktsa after Pinto assembles animals, with Ludlow not yet following, and note coniferous forest along the route.

CONTENT:
up tomorrow to find one. That will mean a two days halt here. As we have not bathed or had clothes washed for a long time, that is quite a good thing. Daud, I'm afraid is not a great success always. His cooking is excellent, but he is always quarrelling with someone, Ramzana, Pinto or Tsongpen. I had to tell him off again today when we arrived.

7th April. Halted Kyimdong Dzong. Fine morning, clouded evening. Tsongpen went to the la and reported only a foot of snow, so we can go that way. He also brought back a rhododendron (3607) = Rhod. vellereum. The Dzongpen came again to see us and stayed more than an hour. He gave us potatoes and flour, both very good. He is quite friendly and out to help. Spent the day washing ourselves and our clothes and trying to repair some of the badly smashed boxes.

8th April. Halted KYIMDONG DZONG. Fine morning, clouded evening. Stayed in camp all day. Did a little developing etc. Kyimdong is the place where all the paper used to make notes in Lhasa comes from. The notes are made of double thickness paper of good quality (probably made from a Daphne sp.) and have a black "water mark" between the two. We have not used them yet, as they are not very popular. This is a queer place for a Dzong and this Dzongpen certainly does not like it. There were six houses, but Pinto says now there are only two. There is however a good deal of cultivation, and it has other villages under it, including Shu, Langong and Sumbatse.

9th April. Halted KYIMDONG DZONG. "At least" 16 animals were promised without fail this morning, and the remainder by noon. By noon 8 had arrived, so we again pitched our tents and stayed the day. This doubt as to when or if we will get away from here is most annoying. If only the Dzongpen would say that we couldn't go for 10 days it would not be so bad, but he always says transport is just arriving. Fine morning, some rain clouds in the afternoon.

10th April. 1 m. below TAKTSA. Still no sign of our yak transport, but Pinto scraped up 16 ponies and bullocks and came on with them, hoping Ludlow might be able to follow this evening. But he has not. The path is quite good, with a more or less steady ascent gradually getting into the conifer forest. On the hillsides (N face) are masses of larix, a fair amount of fir and some rhododendron and birch. At m 4 1/2 pass the ruined village of