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SUMMARY:
Brief entries list Kodachrome and field observations dated 22–28 May, including Papilio machaon, Enkianthus, Clematis, Rhododendron, Saxifraga, and Primula, with notes from Snasjetang, Pangotang, Waitang, and an upstream trip to Kankarpunsum from Pangotang. An item numbered 9010 was sent on 1 June 1949.

CONTENT:
51

Kodachrome 10.
Papilio machaon. Snasjetang 22/5
Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5
Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. (2) 24/5
Upstream to Kankarpunsum from Pangotang: 24/5
Rhod. campanulatum Pangotang 25/5
Saxifraga yellow .. 18972 26/5
Primula calderiana white form, above Pangotang 27/5
" " mixtures. Waitang 28/5
" " " " 19000 ABC " 28/5

9010 sent 1/6/49

SUMMARY:
Notes of Kodachrome, Dufaycolour and B.W. photographs of Primula, Rhododendron, Enkianthus, Clematis, Saxifraga, and landscape subjects across late May 1949. Mentions sending Dufay films 5 and 6 from Tang on 19/05/1949 and includes scenes such as an old man at Ngang Lhakang, rain on rose leaves, a river below Pang Sang, and a view towards Kankar Punsum from Pangotang.

CONTENT: Kodachrome G.S. 9 Dufaycolour 6
Rhod. rhabdotum 18877. 17/5. 1 Rhod. glaucum 18887 18/5.
Rhod. glaucum 18887 18/5. 2 Prim. Roylei 18895 18/5.
Prim. Roylei 18895 18/5. 3 Prim. elongata 18896 18/5.
Prim. elongata 18896 18/5. 4 Rhod. Thomsonii 18/5.
Rhod. Thomsonii against light 18/5. 5 } not exposed.
Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5. 6 }
Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. Dufay 5 & 6 sent off 19/5/49 Tang
Old man at Ngang Lhakang. 21/5.

Dufaycolour 7
1 Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5.
2 Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. B.W. 5. 3 Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5.
1 Primula geraniifolia 18913 20/5. 4 Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. 24/5.
2 Primula geraniifolia 18913 21/5. 5 Rhod. campanulatum 25/5.
3 Old man at Ngang Lhakang 21/5. 6 Saxifraga 18972 26/5.
4 Enkianthus 18909 & Clematis 18912 22/5.
5 Rain drops on rose leaves. 23/5.
6 River below Pang Sang. 25/5.
7 Rhod. cinnabarinum yellow. 24/5.
8 View up to Kankar Punsum from Pangotang. 24/5.
9 Rhod. campanulatum or Wallichii 25/5.
10 Saxifraga 18972 Pangotang 26/5.
11 P. Calderiana white form. 27/5.
12 Rhod. Wightii? (18998) & elongata 28/5.
Batemanii

SUMMARY:
At Sakden on 27 July, many of the Kashmiris were down with fever, with Ramzana particularly ill, which delayed progress but enabled exploration of two high areas. The writer ascended to Nyuksang La on the route to Mera, describing shepherding, buckwheat cultivation, and the route via the Gamri Chu with changing vegetation from broadleaf and fir to rhododendron.

CONTENT:
17

wrestling in Bhutanese style. All the people here are shepherds. They grow their crops on the steep hillside - as far as I can see only buckwheat.

27th July. SAKDEN. All our Kashmiris have been down
Buddleia colvilei 614
Lil. nanum 615
Rhod. campanulatum 616, 619, 622, 624,
Mec. horridula 623
with fever. Ramzana has been bad. This prevented us from getting on, but on the other hand it has helped, as we have been able to explore two small areas at a good height. I have been up to the Nyuksang La (estimated 12500-13000') on the route to Mera. Mera is where most of the yaks & sheep are kept. They return to Sakden in the winter. From Sakden the road leads across the Gamri Chu, up a small saddle & steeply down 800 ft - to the South. A branch of the Gamri Chu is met there & followed up for 1 1/2 miles, then crossed & a steep ascent made S.W. to the Nyuksang La. When this ascent begins, the jungle is mostly broad leaf trees, with some fir & quite a number of larch. Then fir predominates, & after passing a "basti" rhododendron takes the place of fir, till the top is reached when there is

SUMMARY:
The party reaches Sakden near the Gamri Chu, noting ample water, fuel, grazing, and a nearby gompa with a Tawang lama. On 5th July they halt at Sakden, finding few flowers in bloom, observing local clothing and village life, and practicing rifle shooting with the Jongpen and his men.

CONTENT:
than to Bhutanese. Over the pass the path drops easily to Sakden near the Gamri Chu. Water & fuel ample, excellent grazing & many sheep & yaks. Some barley available. There is a gompa with a Tawang lama above Sakden. //

5th July. SAKDEN. Halted. This place has been rather a disappointment. It was so nice to get out of the hot steaming valleys down below that we thought this would be a fine place. But there are no flowers out now. All are over. We have seen traces of one primula, but that is all. Birds too are not so interesting as they might be. The people are pleasant, happy, shy & full of life. They must lead a hard & difficult life at times, but are none the worse of that. This is the only place where I have seen villages in Bhutan, Sakden consisting of 60-70 houses all together. The Takpas & Drugpas wear thick woollen clothes, black or red, & have these funny little 'seats' made of thick felt, which hang down behind, & are used for sitting on. A most excellent idea in a wet climate. They also have Inverness cloaks, exactly as at home - another useful garment. We have had some rifle practice with the Jongpen & his men, followed by games &

[Margin notes]
6th June
Sakden.
Rhod. Thomsoni 595
Prim. strumosa 597
" Waltoni 598
" Sikkimensis 599
" Glabra 602
" Gambelliana 608
" Involucrata 610
" Gambelliana 611
" Strumosa 612
Mec. grandis 609
Rhod. campanulatum 605
" wightii 606
Berberis lichiangensis var. sakdenensis 604

• But see June 6th! p. 20

SUMMARY:
Notes from the Tang Chu area record collections of primulas, saxifrages, rhododendrons, and Paraquilegia, observations from a ridge around 15,000 ft with barometric and temperature readings, and a storm that soaked the party. A halt on 8th June is noted with fine weather until late afternoon and three days of work remaining.

CONTENT:
Saxifraga 3210 - see 7th Aug.
P. umbratilis var. alba 3212
primulas were seen, some collected, No 3213. These had no flowers out.
3213 appears to be like P. umbratilis, but it is too early to say yet.
Rhod. pogonophyllum 3216 R. hypenanthum
Some interesting rhods were also seen, e.g. 3216 a minute thing of 1-2",
anthopogon Rhod. campanulatum 3218
& 3217 about 6" high. Finally there was the deepest coloured Isopyrum
Paraquilegia anemonoides 3214
I have ever seen 3214. We were all caught in the storm, &
arrived back soaked to the skin. The view from the top of the range,
which gave BP 18.6 Temp 55 Time 1200, = 15000 approx, was grand,
though nothing over 20000 was seen. The Br. Mt showed up clearly, with
no clouds, even up to 1200 noon. There is a good deal yet to be
done in this area, we have three days left.
Tang Chu area - up to 15000f
8th June. Halt. Another lovely day, fine up till 4.