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SUMMARY:
Notes compare Primula specimens: No. 2305, likely a variety of P. griffithii from 14,000–15,000 ft, resembling No. 21621 from Chikchar, Tsari (May 1936), with early, low, non-whorled flowering on open grassy slopes. No. 3227 is identified as P. hopeana, noted as unusually early; Cooper collected it on 20th June and 1st July, with later flowering previously observed in Tsari and in Tibet.

CONTENT:
Notes on Primulas in Tang Chu area.

No. 2305. This seems most likely to be a var. of P. Griffithii. I have not yet come across P. Griffithii, which is almost always found in forest, under Abies or Rhododendron, at 10-11,000 ft. No. 2305 comes from 14,000-15,000 ft. It resembles in many ways my No. 21621 from Chikchar, Tsari, taken in May 1936. The habitat is the same, open steep grassy slopes, where snow has lately melted. It grows in masses: it is almost precocious, and it has little or no farina. Probably to this can be added, it never flowers in whorls, or very large flowered. Where it most resembles 1621 is in flowering when only 1-2 inches high, when the leaves have hardly started to open, and in its habitat - well separated by 2,000 ft from the forest.

No. 3227 Primula Hopeana. If I am right in determining this primula as P. Hopeana, then it seems a very early flower. Cooper got it on 20th June and 1st July, whereas last year in Tsari we were finding it in August and quite late in Aug (or September). Its habitat seems much the same as in Tibet, (but the flower is more [narrowly bell-shaped] than [widely bell-shaped] which latter is how it grows in Tibet). It was certainly seen there, here where avalanche snow had prevented it coming up earlier, but this

SUMMARY:
Observations include mass flowering of Primula whitei around 14,000 ft and a pale yellow Sikkimensis-type primula likely from hybridisation. On 10 June the party halted, marked several Primula populations, recorded Primula vernicosa as a notable westward occurrence, kept busy drying specimens, and planned to return to Phobjikha via the Pele La Range towards Chendebi while collecting a few Rhododendron variants.

CONTENT:
P. flagellaris 3231.
Lloydia serotina 3232 Cypripedium tibeticum 3233

It has up to 4 flowers on a scape of 3" on pedicels of 3/4". At about 14000 or a little over P. whitei was in flower in masses still, & the flowers were on the whole bigger than low altitude, early ones. Among a mass of P. Hopeana 3227, I saw a few plants of a Sikkimensis primula coloured pale yellow, tinged with pink 3228. This presumably is the result of hybridisation. We have so far seen no P. sikkimensis, nor of P. Waltoni.

10th June. Halt. - Rained most of the night, but fine & overcast nearly all today. I have marked with 12 stakes the new little petiolaris primula 3192, & today marked the var. of P. Griffithii 3205 & P. umbratilis 3213. We came across P. vernicosa today, No 3240.

As far as I know this has never been recorded from nearly so far west as this; in fact I don't think it is recorded as occurring outside SE Tibet. It is no beauty, but interesting. We all took it easy today after a climb to the top of the ridge. We got back by 11.30 & stayed in camp. Tsongpen has little rest though, as flowers will not dry in this humid atmosphere, & he has about 200 still being changed. A few variations in Rhododendron completed the bag. We now move on back to Phobjikha, but will go a new route over the Pele La Range towards Chendebi.

Rhod. fulgens 3239. R. campanulatum 3243, R. campan. var. aeruginosum 3244

SUMMARY:
The diarist compares specimens with No. 1621 from Tsari, noting disagreement with a Professor’s naming as P. griffithii. Specimens 3366, 3367, and 3383 are similar petiolarids; 3383 resembles P. hilaris from the Kashong La, with uniform flower color observed among thousands and occurring up to nearly 16,000 feet (highest seen 15,500). Specimen 3384 may be a white form of P. muscarioides, has green petioles, is very sweet-scented, and grows on steep cliff faces.

CONTENT:
Same as No. 1621 and others collected last year in Tsari. 1621 was named P. Griffithii by the Professor I think, though I did not altogether agree with him.

No. 3383. Prim sp. nov. Nos. 3366, 3367 and 3383 are all petiolarids, and are all somewhat similar. The colour of 3383 is very like P. hilaris of the Kashong La. There were no flowers of any variation in colour among the thousands seen today. They extend probably up to nearly 16,000, about 15,500 being the highest seen.

3384. Prim sp. Is this a white form of P. muscarioides? Petioles are not red at all but green. It is very sweet scented. Grows only on very steep cliff faces.

SUMMARY:
Notes describe abundant white Primula (P. tsariensis alba) on south- and east-facing screes, a steep shortcut descent by gully, and the winding down of high-altitude collecting. The writer lists misses (P. dryadifolia, P. Griffithii) and counts about 40 Primula species, including many not seen before, expressing satisfaction with work on the Black Mt.

CONTENT:
Primula 79

there, there is very little fern. It was mostly in fine screes, on the slope
above the level, a grand sight. Then suddenly that was all over, and
P. tsariensis alba 3366
we walked into the white pet. primula 3366. It was almost equally
abundant, but mostly on the faces aiming South and East. We really
saw nothing new, but I was anxious to see these two primulas growing
in their masses. We came down a short cut for the last 3000 ft.
down a gully, not a recommended path, but it did get us home
quicker than if we had gone by the nearest path. Our collecting
for the year is now almost over. We will get more things of course,
but the high altitude work is finished, one can only hope for
one or two more primulas, and those certainly known ones. Among
primulas, the two most obvious misses are P. dryadifolia and
P. Griffithii. We may have a var. of P. Griffithii, but I would not
put it down as that. We now have, according to me, but
perhaps not according to Wright Smith, 40 species of primula. About
a few I am doubtful. Of these there are 16 I have not seen
before, and besides the 16, another five we did not get last year. I
am quite satisfied, more so, as on the Black Mt.

SUMMARY:
Checklist of Primula species collected in 1937, with notes on prior collection status and several specimen numbers. Localities mentioned include Chendebi and Tang Chu.

CONTENT:
x not collected in 1936
xx " " " before.
Primulas collected. 1937.

42. P. bracteosa.

1 P. Boothii.
P. erythrocarpa
P. flagellaris
P. sp. nov. Chendebi xx
5 P. strumosa elongata
P. Roylei.
P. macrophylla.
P. glabra.
P. geraniifolia xx
10 P. sp. nov. Tang Chu. xx
P. Hopeana
P. sapphirina x
P. tenella. xx
P. Winteri.
15 P. Boothii high alt. var.
P. pusilla. x
P. Stirtoniana x
P. obliqua. x
P. prenantha? xx
20 P. nivalis dwarf sp.
P. tenuiloba.
P. sikkimensis.
P. Menziesiana xx
P. bellidifolia xx
25 P. atrodentata
P. Griffithii sp. hancini
P. vernicosa.
P. pudibunda 3370
P. sikkimensis var. 3353. xx
30 P. sp. nov. 3366 hancini xx
P. " " 3367 xx
P. " " 3383. xx
P. umbratilis white 3384 xx
P. " blue 3394 xx
35 P. capitata.
P. soldanelloides. x
P. muscoides.
P. obtusifolia Caveana xx
P. Walshii 3413 concinna xx
40 P. Caveana 3410 xx
P. uniflora 3438. x
P. involucrata 3226. x

SUMMARY:
Entries list several bird specimens with sexes and common names, alongside notes for P. griffithii (LTD 5), P. cannoni (LTD 6), and 'Liddon 16.' The page also describes Lingmathang plain as a pastoral scene with yaks, cows, and calves grazing on a flat grassy plain.

CONTENT:

1769. K.S. 33 ♂ Certhia f. nepalensis. Nepal tree-creeper.
1770. " ♀ Lophophanes d. dichrous. Brown crested tit.
1771. " ? " ater aemodius. Himalayan Cole tit.
1772. " ♀ Accipiter nisus melanoschistus. Indian sparrow hawk.
1773. " ♀ Ithaginis cruentus. Blood pheasant.
1774. " ♂ " " " "

1775. " ♂ " " " "

      P. griffithii (LTD 5)
      P. cannoni (LTD 6)

      Liddon 16.
      Lingmathang plain
      presents a pastoral scene
      with yaks, cows & their calves
      grazing contentedly on the
      flat grassy plain.

SUMMARY:
Notes scarce flowering near Yatung, a visit to the B.T.A.'s house, and photographing the chowkidar's wife; Worth has gone to Gyantse. On 16th May at Yatung they ride to Lingmathang, find few flowers (primulas and rhododendrons), collect three blood pheasants, and remark on well-built local houses.

CONTENT:
14

wiser provided one keeps 100 yards away from any houses. Even
here practically no flowers are out, except a few rhododendrons
P. denticulata - & masses of a primula like denticulata. It is most disappointing.
Clematis alpina (LD 4)
We went over to see the B.T.A.'s house & garden - both very nice
looking places. Worth, the B.T.A. has gone up to Gyantse. I got
the chowkidar's wife to come & be photographed this afternoon. She
hasn't much in the way of fine clothing, but is typically Tibetan.
Chowkidar's name Tami.

16th May. YATUNG. Today we rode 6 miles up the valley to
Lingmathang, where we had intended to mark flowers for
autumn seed collection. But there were no flowers to mark.
B.S. contd. griffithii & tanneri. The only ones we saw were two primulas & some rhododen-
Scenes in P. griffithii (LD 5) drons. One primula was a beautiful one, deep purple
Chumbi valley coloured, with a yellow eye. This was a good sunny
near Ling- day with a pleasant breeze. It seems the weather this
mathang side of the hills is better than the other. At Lingmathang
we climbed up the hill on the left bank to about 13,500'
looking for birds & flowers. Both were very scarce, but we came
Birds across three blood pheasants which we collected. The two
males varied considerably in colour on the forehead & tail
feathers, possibly due to age, or possibly because we are
halfway between two places where their colours are known
to vary. The houses here are very well built - chalet
style - with roofs of short lengths of pine wood. They are

CONTENT:
We only found 2 Codonopsis, one could not find the tuber, and the seed was not nearly ripe. This is a nice march to have got over. There is nothing now to worry about except officials and presents in Paro. We seem to have got near the end of our trip very suddenly, with only three days to go.

22nd October Pyimitangka. Low clouds in the morning looking like rain. But they soon cleared away and the day was beautiful, with just enough cloud for extra beauty. Ceratostigma griffithianum is in better flower now than it was in August, so we did not get much seed - 31 seeds actually, out of a big bundle of heads. The river is very low. Both this river and the main Thimpu river look lovely for trout, and neither comes down very dirty at any time.

23rd October. Paro. Lovely day. We came slowly, with a wait on the pass where the view was very pretty. Then down to search for Codonopsis. Here 5 of us looked with great care and we got in all 6 tubers only and a few seed. The Zimpon spent a long time with us and promises to give transport tonight, ready for a very early start in the morning.

24th Oct. Ha. Again a lovely day, but with dense cloud in the morning, through which we ascended about 2000 ft up. The Zimpon's promises meant exactly nothing at all. Coolies came at all hours in the morning, not the evening before, and some did not leave Paro till midday. So coolies were not all in till 8.0pm. Took a few seed on the way and roots of P. griffithii from the Chelai La. Ludlow joined up here, in very good form and very fit. Chuni and Ugyen also here, and came to dinner.

25th Oct. Today the bulk of our kit went off to Rinchenpong, with the...